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作者：Gilraine, Michael; McCarthy, Odhrain
作者单位：Simon Fraser University; New York University
摘要：We show that teachers' value added (VA) depends on the VA of the teachers who preceded them. To do so, we use administrative data from North Carolina and find that a one-standard deviation increase in last grade's mean teacher VA causes a 0.08 sigma decrease in teacher VA. Controlling for prior teacher assignment eliminates this bias. Under a benchmark policy that releases teachers in the bottom 5% of the VA distribution, 32% of teachers are incorrectly released using traditional techniques. O...
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作者：Lakdawala, Aeimit; Moreland, Timothy
作者单位：Wake Forest University; University of North Carolina; University of North Carolina Greensboro
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作者：Frye, Dustin
作者单位：University of Wisconsin System; University of Wisconsin Madison
摘要：This paper examines the effect of expanding transportation networks on spatial industrial growth across the United States from 1953 to 2016. I use a new methodological approach that applies network theory combined with a historic military map to address the two forms of endogeneity present in expanding transportation networks: route placement and construction timing. I find that Interstate counties experienced significant growth in employment and the number of establishments relative to non-In...
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作者：Davis, Jonathan M. V.; Mazumder, Bhashkar
作者单位：University of Oregon; Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - Chicago
摘要：Relative intergenerational mobility declined for cohorts born around 1960 compared to those born around 1950. The former entered the labor market after the rise in inequality around 1980, while the latter entered the labor market earlier. We show that the rank-rank slope rose from 0.25 to 0.36 and the intergenerational elasticity increased from 0.28 to 0.45. These increases are more pronounced for men than for women. Increases in returns to schooling and in the gradient in the likelihood of ma...
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作者：Dickson, Alex; Gehrsitz, Markus; Kemp, Jonathan
作者单位：University of Strathclyde
摘要：This study evaluates the effects of the 2018 UK Soft Drinks Industry Levy. We combine novel electronic point-of-sale data with longitudinal nutritional information and a variety of event-study specifications. All but a few global soft drink brands reduced sugar content and hence avoided the tiered levy. For brands that maintained their recipes, the levy was on average overshifted, resulting in substantial retail price increases and reductions in consumption, particularly for colas. The levy is...
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作者：Aker, Jenny C.; Jack, B. Kelsey
作者单位：Tufts University; Cornell University; University of California System; University of California Santa Barbara; University of California System; University of California Berkeley
摘要：Many agricultural and environmental technologies require up-front investments. This may deter adoption, particularly in settings characterized by information, liquidity, and credit constraints. We test for these barriers to the adoption of an agricultural technique that helps address land degradation in Niger. We find little evidence that liquidity or credit constraints deter adoption: instead, providing farmers with training increasesthe share of adopters by over 90 percentage points. Conditi...
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作者：Feigenberg, Benjamin; Ost, Ben; Qureshi, Javaeria A.
作者单位：University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Chicago; University of Illinois Chicago Hospital
摘要：We highlight that analyses using interaction terms to study treatment effect heterogeneity are susceptible to a form of omitted variable bias that is often overlooked in economics. Unlike most instances of omitted variable bias, the omitted variables in this case are available to the researcher but were not included in the model. We demonstrate that this exclusion matters based on a replication of 205 estimates across seventeen papers published in the American Economic Review over a five-year ...
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作者：Paredes, Valentina; Paserman, M. Daniele; Pino, Francisco J.
作者单位：Universidad de Chile; IZA Institute Labor Economics; Boston University; National Bureau of Economic Research; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK
摘要：We provide direct evidence on explicit and implicit biases against women among students in economics relative to other fields. We conducted a large scale survey among undergraduates in Chile, among both entering first-year students and students in years 2 and above, combining a wide battery of measures to create an index of gender bias. Economics students are more biased than students in other fields. There is some evidence that economics students are more biased already upon entry, before exp...
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作者：Phillips, David C.; Sullivan, James X.
作者单位：University of Notre Dame
摘要：This paper provides the first evidence from a randomized controlled trial isolating the impact of financial assistance to prevent homelessness. In this study, individuals and families at imminent risk of homelessness were offered temporary financial assistance, averaging nearly $2,000 for those assigned to treatment. Our results show that this assistance significantly reduces homelessness by 3.8 percentage points from a base rate of 4.1%. The effects are larger for people with a history of hom...
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作者：Bulte, Erwin; Di Falco, Savatore; Kassie, Menale; Vollenweider, Xavier
作者单位：Wageningen University & Research; University of Geneva; International Centre of Insect Physiology & Ecology (ICIPE)
摘要：Low productivity in agriculture is a major cause of povertyand food insecurity in Africa. One explanation for low productivity is thewidespread presence of low-quality inputs on local markets (lemon tech-nologies), which causes uncertainty among farmers and erodes incentivesfor adoption. We report the results from a field experiment in Tanzania tostudy the impact of improved maize seeds in a context where we exoge-nously vary seed quality and uncertainty about seed type. The analysis isat the ...
