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作者：Klump, Rainer; McAdam, Peter; Willman, Alpo
作者单位：Goethe University Frankfurt
摘要：Using a normalized CES function with factor-augmenting technical progress, we estimate a supply-side system of the U.S. economy from 1953 to 1998. Avoiding potential estimation biases that may have occurred in earlier studies and putting a high emphasis on data consistency, we obtain robust results not only for the aggregate elasticity of substitution but also for the parameters of labor and capital augmenting technical change. We find that the elasticity of substitution is significantly below...
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作者：Gali, Jordi; Gertler, Mark; Lopez-Salido, J. David
作者单位：Pompeu Fabra University; New York University
摘要：We present a simple theory-based measure of the variations in aggregate economic efficiency: the gap between the marginal product of labor and the household's consumption leisure tradeoff. We show that this indicator corresponds to the reciprocal of the markup of price over social marginal cost, and give some evidence in support of this interpretation. We then show that, with some auxiliary assumptions, our gap variable may be used to measure the efficiency costs of business fluctuations. We f...
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作者：Montalvo, Jose G.; Reynal-Querol, Marta
作者单位：Pompeu Fabra University
摘要：The World Health Organization estimates that 300 million clinical cases of malaria occur annually and observed that during the 80s and part of the 90s its incidence increased. In this paper, we explore the influence of refugees from civil wars on the incidence of malaria in the refugee-receiving countries. Using civil wars as an instrumental variable, we show that for each 1,000 refugees there are between 2,000 and 2,700 cases of malaria in the refugee-receiving country. On average 13% of the ...
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作者：Lerner, Josh; Wulf, Julie
作者单位：Harvard University; University of Pennsylvania
摘要：Beginning in the late 1980s, American corporations began increasingly linking the compensation of central research personnel to the economic objectives of the corporation. This paper examines the impact of the shifting compensation of the heads of corporate research and development. Among firms with centralized R&D organizations, a clear relationship emerges: more long-term incentives (such as stock options and restricted stock) are associated with more heavily cited patents. These incentives ...
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作者：Coile, Courtney; Gruber, Jonathan
作者单位：Wellesley College; National Bureau of Economic Research; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
摘要：A critical question for Social Security policy is how program incentives affect retirement behavior. We use the Health and Retirement Survey (HRS) to examine the impact of Social Security incentives on male retirement. We implement forward-looking models whereby individuals consider the incentives to work in all future years. We find that forward-looking incentive measures for Social Security are significant determinants of retirement. We also find that private pension incentives have roughly ...
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作者：Leith, Campbell; Malley, Jim
作者单位：University of Glasgow
摘要：In this paper we estimate New Keynesian Phillips curves (NKPC) for U.S. manufacturing industries defined at the SIC two digit level over the period 1959 to 1996. This enables us to measure the extent of nominal inertia across industrial sectors. A key innovation in this research is the use of intermediate-goods costs rather than labor costs as a measure of marginal costs. Intermediate-goods costs are a more significant element of costs for the firms populating our sample and are not subject to...
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作者：Amiti, Mary; Cameron, Lisa
作者单位：International Monetary Fund; University of Melbourne
摘要：This paper estimates the agglomeration benefits that arise from vertical linkages between firms. We identify the agglomeration benefits off the spatial variation in firms' nominal wages. Using unusually detailed intermediate input data, we take account of the location of input suppliers to estimate cost linkages; and the location of demand from final consumers and other firms to estimate demand linkages. The results show that the externalities that arise from demand and cost linkages are quant...
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作者：Bernard, Andrew B.; Jensen, J. Bradford
作者单位：National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：Plant shutdowns shape industry productivity, the dynamics of employment, and industrial restructuring. Plant closures account for more than half of gross job destruction in U.S. manufacturing. This paper examines the effects of firm structure on U.S. manufacturing plant closures. Plants belonging to multiplant firms and those owned by U.S. multinationals are less likely to exit. However, the superior survival chances are due to the characteristics of the plants rather than the nature of the fi...
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作者：Haider, Steven J.; Stephens, Melvin, Jr.
作者单位：Michigan State University; Carnegie Mellon University; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：Previous research finds a systematic decrease in consumption at retirement, a finding that is inconsistent with the life cycle/permanent income hypothesis if retirement is an expected event. In this paper, we use workers' subjective beliefs about their retirement dates as an instrument for retirement. After demonstrating that subjective retirement expectations are strong predictors of subsequent retirement decisions, we still find a consumption decline at retirement for workers who retire when...
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作者：Li, Hongbin; Zhang, Junsen
作者单位：Chinese University of Hong Kong; Chinese University of Hong Kong
摘要：This paper examines the impact of the birth rate on economic growth by using a panel data set of 28 provinces in China over twenty years. Because China's one-child policy applied only to the Han Chinese but not to minorities, this unique affirmative policy allows us to use the proportion of minorities in a province as an instrumental variable to identify the causal effect of the birth rate on economic growth. We find that the birth rate has a negative impact on economic growth. The finding not...
