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作者：Mansur, Erin T.
作者单位：Yale University
摘要：Restructuring electricity markets has enabled wholesalers to exercise market power. Using a common method to measure competition, several studies have found substantial inefficiencies. This method overstates actual welfare loss by ignoring production constraints that result in non-convex costs. I develop an alternative method that accounts for these constraints and apply it to the Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and Maryland market. For the summer following restructuring, the common method implies t...
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作者：Disdier, Anne-Celia; Head, Keith
作者单位：University of British Columbia
摘要：One of the best-established empirical results in international economics is that bilateral trade decreases with distance. Although well known, this result has not been systematically analyzed before. We examine 1,467 distance effects estimated in 103 papers. Information collected on each estimate allows us to test hypotheses about the causes of variation in the estimates. Our most interesting finding is that the estimated negative impact of distance on trade rose around the middle of the centu...
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作者：Pischke, Joern-Steffen; von Wachter, Till
作者单位：Columbia University
摘要：We estimate the impact of compulsory schooling on earnings using changes in compulsory schooling laws in West Germany after World War II. Most estimates in the literature indicate returns in the range of 10% to 15%. While our research design is very similar to studies for various other countries, we find a zero return. We find no evidence that this is due to labor market institutions or the apprenticeship training system in Germany. The result might be due to the fact that the basic skills mos...
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作者：Rajan, Raghuram G.; Subramanian, Arvind
作者单位：University of Chicago
摘要：We examine the effects of aid on growth in cross-sectional and panel data-after correcting for the possible bias that poorer (or stronger) growth may draw aid contributions to recipient countries. Even after this correction, we find little robust evidence of a positive (or negative) relationship between aid inflows into a country and its economic growth. We also find no evidence that aid works better in better policy or geographical environments, or that certain forms of aid work better than o...
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作者：Lane, Philip R.; Milesi-Ferretti, Glan Maria
作者单位：International Monetary Fund
摘要：We provide a systematic analysis of the bilateral factors driving portfolio equity holdings across countries. We find that bilateral equity holdings are strongly correlated with bilateral trade in goods and services. Larger bilateral positions are also associated with proxies for informational proximity.
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作者：Angrist, Joshua D.; Kugler, Adriana D.
作者单位：Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); National Bureau of Economic Research; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of Houston System; University of Houston; IZA Institute Labor Economics
摘要：We study the consequences of an exogenous upsurge in coca prices and cultivation in Colombia, where most coca leaf is now harvested. This shift generated only modest economic gains in rural areas, primarily in the form of increased self-employment earnings and increased labor supply by teenage boys. The rural areas that saw accelerated coca production subsequently became considerably more violent, while urban areas were affected little. These findings are consistent with the view that the Colo...
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作者：Kauppi, Heikki; Saikkonen, Pentti
作者单位：University of Turku; University of Helsinki
摘要：We develop dynamic binary probit models and apply them for predicting U.S. recessions using the interest rate spread as the driving predictor. The new models use lags of the binary response (a recession dummy) to forecast its future values and allow for the potential forecast power of lags of the underlying conditional probability. We show how multiperiod-ahead forecasts are computed iteratively using the same one-period-ahead model. Iterated forecasts that apply specific lags supported by sta...
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作者：Autor, David H.; Katz, Lawrence F.; Kearney, Melissa S.
作者单位：Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); National Bureau of Economic Research; Harvard University; Brookings Institution; University System of Maryland; University of Maryland College Park
摘要：A recent revisionist literature characterizes the pronounced rise in U.S. wage inequality since 1980 as an episodic event of the first half of the 1980s driven by nonmarket factors (particularly a falling real minimum wage) and concludes that continued increases in wage inequality since the late 1980s substantially reflect the mechanical confounding effects of changes in labor force composition. Analyzing data from the Current Population Survey for 1963 to 2005, we find limited support for the...
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作者：Cavalcanti, Tiago V. de V.; Tavares, Jose
作者单位：University of Cambridge; Universidade Nova de Lisboa
摘要：The secular rise in female labor force participation, highlighted in the recent macroeconomics literature on growth and structural change, has been associated with the declining price and wider availability of home appliances. This paper uses a new and unique country data set on the price of home appliances to test its impact on female labor supply. We assess the role of the price of appliances in raising participation by comparing it to other structural determinants such as average male incom...
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作者：Tavares, Jose
作者单位：Universidade Nova de Lisboa
摘要：This paper uses aggregate data to test the implication that capital-poor individuals favor trade liberalization in poor (capital-scarce) countries and are against it in rich (labor-scarce) countries. Income per capita is used as a proxy for the country capital-labor ratio while political rights is used as a proxy for the capital-labor ratio of the median voter. We analyze the determinants of average tariff rates in a cross section of countries to find that they are negatively associated with b...
