-
作者：Ballester, Coralio; Calvo-Armengol, Antoni; Zenou, Yves
作者单位：Universitat d'Alacant; ICREA; Autonomous University of Barcelona; Research Institute of Industrial Economics (IFN); Stockholm University
摘要：Delinquents are embedded in a network of relationships. Each delinquent decides in a noncooperative way how much delinquency effort he will exert. We characterize the Nash equilibrium and derive an optimal enforcement policy, called the key-player policy. We then extend our characterization of optimal single player network removal to optimal group removal, the key group. We also characterize and derive a policy that targets links rather than players. Finally, we endogenize the network connecti...
-
作者：Fafchamps, Marcel; Goyal, Sanjeev; van der Leij, Marco J.
作者单位：University of Oxford; University of Cambridge; Universitat d'Alacant
摘要：The matching of individuals in teams is a key element in the functioning of an economy. The network of social ties can potentially transmit important information on abilities and reputations and also help mitigate matching frictions by facilitating interactions among screened individuals. We conjecture that the probability of two individuals forming a team falls in the distance between the two individuals in the network of existing social ties. The objective of this paper is to empirically tes...
-
作者：Peralta-Alva, Adrian; Santos, Manuel S.
作者单位：Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - St. Louis; University of Miami
摘要：Our work has been concerned with the numerical simulation of dynamic economies with heterogeneous agents and economic distortions. Recent research has drawn attention to inherent difficulties in the computation of competitive equilibria for these economies: A continuous Markovian solution may fail to exist, and some commonly used numerical algorithms may not deliver accurate approximations. We consider a reliable algorithm set forth in Feng et al. ( 2009), and discuss problems related to the e...
-
作者：Cozzi, Guido; Impullitti, Giammario
作者单位：Durham University
摘要：In this paper we argue that government spending played a significant role in stimulating the wave of innovation that hit the U. S. economy in the late 1970s and in the 1980s, as well as the simultaneous increase in inequality and in education attainments. Since the late 1970s U. S. policymakers began targeting commercial innovations more directly and explicitly. We focus on the shift in the composition of public demand toward high-tech goods, which, by increasing the market-size of innovative ...
-
作者：Goldberg, Pinelopi Koujianou
作者单位：Princeton University
摘要：Patent enforcement in developing countries generates considerable controversy, especially when patents involve potentially life-saving drugs. This paper argues that common concerns regarding the effects of patents on prices and on research incentives of pharmaceutical multinationals are misplaced. Rather, the most significant effects are likely to concern access to patented drugs in poor countries. Because prices in developing countries are much lower than in the developed world, multinational...
-
作者：Reinikka, Ritva; Svensson, Jakob
作者单位：The World Bank; Stockholm University
摘要：What motivates religious nonprofit health care providers? This paper uses a change in financing of nonprofit health care providers in Uganda to test two theories of organizational behavior. We show that financial aid leads to more laboratory testing, lower user charges, and increased utilization. These findings are consistent with the view that religious nonprofit providers are intrinsically motivated to serve (poor) people and that these preferences matter quantitatively. (JEL: L31, I11, O15)
-
作者：Hairault, Jean-Olivier; Langot, Francois; Sopraseuth, Thepthida
作者单位：Paris School of Economics; heSam Universite; Universite Pantheon-Sorbonne; University of Maine System; University of Maine Orono; Universite Paris-Pantheon-Assas
摘要：This paper presents empirical evidence and a theoretical foundation in favor of the view that the retirement age decision affects older workers' employment prior to retirement. To the extent that there are search frictions on the labor market, the return on jobs is determined by their expected duration: The time to retirement is then key to understanding older workers' employment. Countries with a retirement age of 60 are indeed characterized by lower employment rates for workers aged 55-59. B...
-
作者：Immordino, Giovanni; Pagano, Marco
作者单位：University of Salerno; University of Naples Federico II
摘要：Stricter laws require more incisive and costlier enforcement. Because enforcement activity depends both on available tax revenue and the honesty of officials, the optimal legal standard of a benevolent government is increasing in per capita income and decreasing in officials' corruption. In contrast to the tollbooth view of regulation, the standard chosen by a self-interested government is a non-monotonic function of officials' corruption, and can be either lower or higher than that chosen by ...
-
作者：Erdil, Aytek; Klemperer, Paul
作者单位：University of Oxford
摘要：We propose a new, easy-to-implement class of payment rules, Reference Rules to make core-selecting package auctions more robust. Small, almost-riskless, profitable deviations from truthful bidding are often easy for bidders to find under currently used payment rules. Reference Rules perform better than existing rules on our marginal-incentive-to-deviate criterion, and are as robust as existing rules to large deviations. Other considerations, including fairness and comprehensibility, also suppo...
-
作者：Fabiani, Silvia; Kwapil, Claudia; Room, Tairi; Galuscak, Kamil; Lamo, Ana
作者单位：Oesterreichische Nationalbank (OeNB); Bank of Estonia (Eesti Pank); European Central Bank
摘要：Based on an ad hoc firm-level survey on wage and pricing policies conducted in a large number of European countries, this study finds that about 60% of firms change base wages once a year with some clustering of wage changes observed in January. Differences in the frequency of wage changes between firms are mainly attributable to the institutional framework of the labor market in which they operate. There is evidence of both nominal and real downward wage rigidity. Moreover, when facing a nega...
