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作者：Teso, Edoardo
作者单位：Harvard University
摘要：Can demographic shocks affect the long-run evolution of female labor force participation and gender norms? This paper traces current variation in women's participation in the labor force within Sub-Saharan Africa to the emergence of a female-biased sex ratio during the centuries of the transatlantic slave trade. This historical shock affected the division of labor along gender lines in the remaining African population, as women substituted for the missing men by taking up areas of work that we...
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作者：Bonfiglioli, Alessandra; Crino, Rosario; Gancia, Gino
作者单位：University of London; Queen Mary University London; Catholic University of the Sacred Heart; University of London; Queen Mary University London
摘要：We study how financial frictions affect firm-level heterogeneity and trade. We build a model in which productivity differences across monopolistically competitive firms are endogenous and depend on investment decisions at the entry stage. By increasing entry costs, financial frictions lower the exit cutoff and hence the value of investing in bigger projects with more dispersed outcomes. As a result, financial frictions make firms smaller and more homogeneous, and hinder the volume of exports. ...
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作者：Horenstein, Alex R.; Santos, Manuel S.
作者单位：University of Miami
摘要：We study the steady upward trend of Health Care Expenditures (HCE) over GDP for a sample of OECD countries between 1970 and 2007. Although the United States is clearly an outlier, almost all of the additional increase in US HCE happened during the 1978-1990 period. We perform two growth accounting exercises to explore sources of variability of HCE over GDP across countries. In the first growth accounting exercise based on value added we find that factor accumulation is unable to replicate the ...
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作者：Odermatt, Reto; Stutzer, Alois
作者单位：University of Basel
摘要：The correct prediction of how alternative states of the world affect our lives is a cornerstone of economics. We study how accurate people are in predicting their future well-being after facing major life events. Based on individual panel data, we compare people's life satisfaction forecasts reported in the first interview after a major life event with their actual evaluations five years later on. This is done after the individuals experience widowhood, unemployment, disability, marriage, sepa...
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作者：Filiz-Ozbay, Emel; Uler, Neslihan
作者单位：University System of Maryland; University of Maryland College Park
摘要：We study how competition among charities affects individuals' giving behavior. We characterize situations where charities benefitting substitute or complementary causes incentivize donations by offering subsidies in the form of rebates. Our theory predicts that an increase in the rebate rate offered by a given charity relative to a substitute charity will shift donations away from the substitute charity, but this stealing effect is not expected when complementary charities are considered. Our ...
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作者：Attanasio, Orazio; Augsburg, Britta; De Haas, Ralph
作者单位：University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; University of London; University College London; European Bank of Reconstructon & Development; Tilburg University
摘要：We study theoretically and empirically the demand for microcredit under different liability arrangements and risk environments. A theoretical model shows that the demand for joint-liability loans can exceed that for individual-liability loans when risk-averse borrowers value their long-term relationship with the lender. Joint liability then offers a way to diversify risk and reduce the chance of losing access to future loans. We also show that the demand for loans depends negatively on the ris...
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作者：Brueck, Tilman; Di Maio, Michele; Miaari, Sami H.
作者单位：Leibniz Association; Leibniz Institut fur Gemuse- und Zierpflanzenbau (IGZ); Parthenope University Naples; Tel Aviv University; University of Oxford
摘要：We study the effect of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict on various education outcomes for Palestinian high school students in the West Bank during the Second Intifada (2000-2006). Exploiting within-school variation in the number of conflict-related Palestinian fatalities during the academic year, we show that the conflict reduces the probability of passing the final exam, the total test score, and the probability of being admitted to university. The effect of conflict varies with the type and ...
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作者：Michalopoulos, Stelios; Putterman, Louis; Weil, David N.
作者单位：Brown University
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作者：Deuflhard, Florian; Georgarakos, Dimitris; Inderst, Roman
作者单位：Goethe University Frankfurt; European Central Bank; Deutsche Bundesbank; University of Leicester
摘要：Savings accounts are owned by most households, but little is known about the performance of households' investments. We create a unique dataset by matching information on individual savings accounts from the DNB Household Survey with market data on account-specific interest rates and characteristics. We document heterogeneity in returns across households, which can be partly explained by financial sophistication. A one-standard deviation increase in financial literacy is associated with a 12% ...
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作者：Eyles, Andrew; Machin, Stephen
作者单位：University of London; University College London; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science
摘要：This paper studies the origins of what has become one of the most radical and encompassing programmes of school reform seen in the recent past in advanced countries-the introduction of academy schools to English education. Academies are independent state funded schools that are allowed to run in an autonomous manner outside of local authority control. Almost all academies are conversions from already existent state schools and so are school takeovers that enable more autonomy in operation than...
