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作者：La Ferrara, Eliana
作者单位：Bocconi University; Bocconi University
摘要：I study the role of aspirations in economic development drawing on the existing theoretical and empirical literature and provide some new empirical findings using individual level data on aspirations across countries. After discussing the relationship between aspirations and individual investments, I present estimates on the correlates and determinants of students' aspirations in the OECD's Programme for International Student Assessment data. I focus in particular on socioeconomic status, ineq...
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作者：Galesi, Alessandro; Rachedi, Omar
作者单位：Banco de Espana
摘要：The structural transformation from manufacturing to services comes with a process of services deepening: the services share of intermediate inputs rises over time. Moreover, inflation reacts less to monetary policy shocks in countries that are more intensive in services intermediates. We rationalize these facts using a two-sector New Keynesian model where trends in sectoral productivities generate endogenous variations in the Input-Output matrix. Services deepening reduces the contemporaneous ...
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作者：Fryer, Roland G., Jr.; Harms, Philipp; Jackson, Matthew O.
作者单位：Harvard University; University of Freiburg; Stanford University; The Santa Fe Institute
摘要：We introduce a model in which agents observe signals about the state of the world, and some signals are open to interpretation. Our decision makers first interpret each signal based on their current belief and then form a posterior on the sequence of interpreted signals. This double updating leads to confirmation bias and can lead agents who observe the same information to polarize. We explore the model's predictions in an online experiment in which individuals interpret research summaries abo...
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作者：He, Jiaxiu; Gouveia, Nelson; Salvo, Alberto
作者单位：National University of Singapore; Western University (University of Western Ontario); Universidade de Sao Paulo
摘要：The medical literature documents adverse health effects of acute exposure to diesel exhaust, yet quasi-experimental evidence of a policy intervention sustained over months at the scale of a metropolis is lacking. Exploiting the inauguration of a beltway that removed 20,000 cargo trucks passing daily through inner-city roads in Sao Paulo, we examine the spatially differentiated impacts on the megacity's traffic, air quality and public health. We combine rich panel data on road congestion, ambie...
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作者：Aghion, Philippe; Jaravel, Xavier; Persson, Torsten; Rouzet, Dorothee
作者单位：Universite PSL; College de France; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR); Stockholm University; Organisation for Economic Co-operation & Development (OECD)
摘要：What makes countries engage in reforms of mass education? Motivated by historical evidence on the relation between military threats and expansions of primary education, we assemble a panel dataset from the last 150 years in European countries and from the postwar period in a large set of countries. We uncover three stylized facts: (i) investments in education are associated with military threats, (ii) democratic institutions are negatively correlated with education investments, and (iii) educa...
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作者：Knight, Brian; Tribin, Ana
作者单位：Brown University; Banco de la Republica Colombia
摘要：We investigate viewer responses to ideological changes in television programming induced by cadenas, unannounced government propaganda in Venezuela. The drop-off in ratings during cadenas is concentrated among viewers of news programming on opposition channels, relative to progovernment channels. Also, the drop-off in ratings for moderate channels takes an intermediate value. The drop-off is stronger for viewers with access to cable channels, which do not air cadenas and experience an increase...
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作者：Dilme, Francesc; Garrett, Daniel F.
作者单位：University of Bonn; Universite de Toulouse; Universite Toulouse 1 Capitole; Toulouse School of Economics
摘要：Successes of law enforcement in apprehending offenders are often publicized events. Such events have been found to result in temporary reductions in offending, or residual deterrence. We provide a theory of residual deterrence that accounts for the incentives of both enforcement officials and potential offenders. We do so by introducing to a standard inspection framework costs that must be incurred to commence enforcement. Such costs in practice include hiring specialized staff, undertaking ta...
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作者：Mengel, Friederike; Sauermann, Jan; Zolitz, Ulf
作者单位：University of Essex; Lund University; Stockholm University; University of Zurich; IZA Institute Labor Economics; Maastricht University; Maastricht University
摘要：This paper provides new evidence on gender bias in teaching evaluations. We exploit a quasi-experimental dataset of 19,952 student evaluations of university faculty in a context where students are randomly allocated to female or male instructors. Despite the fact that neither students' grades nor self-study hours are affected by the instructor's gender, we find that women receive systematically lower teaching evaluations than their male colleagues. This bias is driven by male students' evaluat...
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作者：Gorodnichenko, Yuriy; Sheremirov, Viacheslav; Talavera, Oleksandr
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Berkeley; Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - Boston; Swansea University; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：Using a unique dataset of daily US and UK price listings and the associated number of clicks for precisely defined goods from a major shopping platform, we shed new light on how prices are set in online markets, which have a number of special properties such as low search costs, low costs of monitoring competitors' prices, and low costs of nominal price adjustment. We document that although online prices change more frequently than offline prices, they nevertheless exhibit relatively long spel...
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作者：Boneva, Teodora; Rauh, Christopher
作者单位：University of London; University College London; Universite de Montreal
摘要：In this paper, we study parental beliefs about the returns to parental investments made during different periods of childhood. Using two independent samples, we document that parents perceive the returns to different late investments to be higher than the returns to early investments, and that they perceive investments in different time periods as substitutes rather than complements. We show that parental beliefs about the returns to investments vary substantially across the population and tha...
