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作者：Bonadio, Barthelemy; Fischer, Andreas M.; Saure, Philip
作者单位：University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; Swiss National Bank (SNB); Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz
摘要：On January 15, 2015, the Swiss National Bank discontinued its minimum exchange rate policy of 1 euro against 1.2 Swiss francs. This policy change resulted in a sharp, unanticipated, and permanent appreciation of the Swiss franc by more than 11% against the euro. We analyze the pass-through of this unusually clean exchange rate shock into import unit values at the daily frequency using Swiss transaction-level trade data. Our key findings are twofold. First, for goods invoiced in euros, the pass...
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作者：Heath, Rachel; Tan, Xu
作者单位：University of Washington; University of Washington Seattle
摘要：Standard models of labor supply predict that unearned income decreases labor supply. We propose an alternative noncooperative household model in which a woman's unearned income improves her autonomy within the household, which raises her gains from working and can increase her labor supply. We find empirical support for this model, using women's exposure to the Hindu Succession Act in India as a source of exogenous variation in their unearned income. Exposure to the Hindu Succession Act increa...
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作者：Crost, Benjamin; Felter, Joseph H.
作者单位：University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign; Stanford University
摘要：Many experts see a move toward high-value export crops, such as fruits and vegetables, as an important opportunity for economic growth and poverty reduction, but little is known about the effects of export crops in fragile and conflict-affected countries. We exploit movements in world market prices combined with geographic variation in crop production to show that increases in the value of bananas, the country's biggest export crop, caused an increase in conflict violence and insurgent-control...
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作者：Carrere, Celine; Grujovic, Anja; Robert-Nicoud, Frederic
作者单位：University of Geneva; University of Geneva
摘要：We develop a multicountry, multisector trade model featuring risk-averse workers, labor market frictions, unemployment benefits, and equilibrium unemployment. Trade opening leads to a reduction in unemployment when it simultaneously raises welfare and reallocates labor toward sectors with lower-than-average labor market frictions. We then estimate and calibrate the model using employment data from 31 OECD countries and worldwide trade data. Finally, we quantify the potential unemployment, real...
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作者：Herz, Benedikt; van Rens, Thijs
作者单位：University of Warwick
摘要：We investigate unemployment due to mismatch in the United States over the past three and a half decades. We propose an accounting framework that allows us to estimate the contribution of each of the frictions that generated labor market mismatch. Barriers to job mobility account for the largest part of mismatch unemployment, with a smaller role for barriers to worker mobility. We find little contribution of wage-setting frictions to mismatch.
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作者：Kirchmaier, Tom; Sandi, Matteo; Machin, Stephen; Witt, Robert
作者单位：Copenhagen Business School; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; University of Surrey
摘要：In many historical episodes, criminal activity displays booms and busts. One clear example is the case of metal crime in the United Kingdom (and elsewhere) where, in the face of big increases in value driven by world commodity prices, thefts rose very sharply in the 2000s, after which they fell. This paper studies the respective roles of prices, policing and policy in shaping this crime boom and bust. Separate study of each reveals metal crime being driven up via sizeable and significant metal...
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作者：Lavy, Victor
作者单位：University of Warwick; Hebrew University of Jerusalem
摘要：This paper uses a natural experiment in Israel to assess the impact of school teaching resources and how it is used, time-on-task, on academic achievements and noncognitive outcomes. It exploits variation induced by a change in the funding formula that reduced instructional resources funding for some schools and increased them for others. The results suggest that increased school resources and students' spending more time at school and on key tasks all lead to increased academic achievements w...
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作者：Dler, Michael Man
作者单位：University of London; Royal Holloway University London
摘要：To minimize the cost of making decisions, an agent should use criteria to sort alternatives and each criterion should sort coarsely. To decide on a movie, for example, an agent could use one criterion that orders movies by genre categories, another by director categories, and so on, with a small number of categories in each case. The agent then needs to aggregate the criterion orderings, possibly by a weighted vote, to arrive at choices. As criteria become coarser (each criterion has fewer cat...
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作者：Bauernschuster, Stefan; Driva, Anastasia; Hornung, Erik
作者单位：University of Passau; University of Munich; University of Cologne
摘要：We study the impact of social health insurance on mortality. Using the introduction of compulsory health insurance in the German Empire in 1884 as a natural experiment, we estimate difference-indifferences and regional fixed effects models exploiting variation in eligibility for insurance across occupations. Our findings suggest that Bismarck's health insurance generated a significant mortality reduction. Despite the absence of antibiotics and most vaccines, we find the results to be largely d...
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作者：Luo, Renfu; Miller, Grant; Rozelle, Scott; Sylvia, Sean; Vera-Hernandez, Marcos
作者单位：Peking University; Stanford University; University of North Carolina; University of North Carolina Chapel Hill; University of North Carolina School of Medicine; University of London; University College London
摘要：Unlike performance incentives for private sector managers, little is known about performance incentives for managers in public sector bureaucracies. Through a randomized trial in rural China, we study performance incentives rewarding school administrators for reducing student anemia-as well as complementarity between incentives and orthogonally assigned discretionary resources. Large (but not small) incentives and unrestricted grants both reduced anemia, but incentives were more cost-effective...
