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作者：Andersen, Simon Calmar; Beuchert, Louise; Nielsen, Helena Skyt; Thomsen, Mette Kjaergaard
作者单位：Aarhus University; University of Southern Denmark
摘要：Teacher's aides are used worldwide, in various school systems, although, there is no strong evidence of their impact on student outcomes. We use a randomized trial to challenge this state of evidence. We randomly allocate 105 schools to two types of treatments-aides with or without a teaching degree-compared to a control group. Both types of aides have positive impacts on test scores and the effects are persistent over time for disadvantaged students. Exploratory analyses of mechanisms suggest...
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作者：Olivetti, Claudia; Patacchini, Eleonora; Zenou, Yves
作者单位：Boston College; Cornell University; Monash University
摘要：We study whether a woman's labor supply as a young adult is shaped by the work behavior of her adolescent peers' mothers. Using detailed information on a sample of U.S. teenagers who are followed over time, we find that labor force participation of high school peers' mothers affects adult women's labor force participation, above and beyond the effect of their own mothers. The analysis suggests that women who were exposed to a larger number of working mothers during adolescence are less likely ...
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作者：Ohlsson, Henry; Roine, Jesper; Waldenstrom, Daniel
作者单位：Sveriges Riksbank; Uppsala University; Stockholm School of Economics; Paris School of Economics; Research Institute of Industrial Economics (IFN)
摘要：We estimate the importance of inherited wealth in Sweden over the past 200 years. Inheritance is measured both as the annual inheritance flow divided by national income and as the share of inherited wealth in all private wealth. In the 19th century, Sweden differs from France and the United Kingdom in having much lower inheritance-income flows, but at the same time exhibiting equally large shares of inherited wealth in total wealth. This pattern is in line with Sweden at the time being a poor ...
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作者：Bursztyn, Leonardo; Callen, Michael; Ferman, Bruno; Gulzar, Saad; Hasanain, Ali; Yuchtman, Noam
作者单位：University of Chicago; University of California System; University of California San Diego; Getulio Vargas Foundation; Stanford University; Lahore University of Management Sciences; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science
摘要：We identify Pakistani men's willingness to pay to preserve their anti-American identity using two experiments imposing clearly specified financial costs on anti-American expression, with minimal consequential or social considerations. In two distinct studies, one-quarter to one-third of subjects forgo payments from the U.S. government worth around one-fifth of a day's wage to avoid an identity-threatening choice: anonymously checking a box indicating gratitude toward the U.S. government. We fi...
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作者：Sedlacek, Petr
作者单位：University of Oxford
摘要：Uncertainty rises in recessions. But does uncertainty cause downturns or vice versa? This paper argues that counter-cyclical uncertainty fluctuations are a by-product of technology growth. In a firm dynamics model with endogenous technology adoption, faster technology growth widens the dispersion of firm-level productivity shocks, a benchmark uncertainty measure. Moreover, faster technology growth spurs a creative destruction process, generates a temporary downturn, and renders uncertainty cou...
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作者：Camera, Gabriele; Goldberg, Dror; Weiss, Avi
作者单位：Chapman University System; Chapman University; University of Bologna; Open University Israel; Bar Ilan University
摘要：The theory of money assumes decentralized bilateral exchange and excludes centralized multilateral exchange. However, endogenizing the exchange process is critical for understanding the conditions that support the use of money. We develop a traveling game to study the emergence of decentralized and centralized exchange, theoretically and experimentally. Players located on separate islands can either trade locally, or pay a cost to trade elsewhere, so decentralized and centralized markets can b...
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作者：Muto, Nozomu; Shirata, Yasuhiro; Yamashita, Takuro
作者单位：Yokohama National University; Otaru University of Commerce; Universite de Toulouse
摘要：We study an auctionthat maximizes the expected social surplus under an upper-bound constraint on the seller's expected revenue, which we call a revenue cap. Such a constrained-efficient auction may arise, for example, when (i) the auction designer is pro-buyer, that is, he maximizes the weighted sum of the buyers' and seller's auction payoffs, where the weight for the buyers is greater than that for the seller; (ii) the auction designer maximizes the (unweighted) total surplus in a multiunit a...
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作者：Hanlon, W. Walker
作者单位：New York University
摘要：Can temporary input cost advantages have a long-run impact on production patterns? I study this question in the context of shipbuilding from 1850 to 1911. Although North America was the dominant wood shipbuilding region in the mid-19th century, the introduction of metal shipbuilding shifted the industry to Britain, where metal inputs were less expensive. After 1890, Britain's input price advantages largely disappeared but its dominant position in the industry persisted. I show that American sh...
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作者：Fafchamps, Marcel; Labonne, Julien
作者单位：Stanford University; University of Oxford
摘要：We study the distribution of public services by local politicians when political support spreads through social networks. We sketch a model showing that incumbents target goods and services to individuals who would lead to the largest aggregate loss of support if they stopped supporting the incumbent. Those individuals have high betweenness centrality. Using data on 3.6 million households from the Philippines, we show that households with high betweenness centrality receive a greater number of...
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作者：Anderson, Michael L.
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Berkeley
摘要：There is strong evidence that short-run fluctuations in air pollution negatively impact infant health and contemporaneous adult health, but there is less evidence on the causal link between long-term exposure to air pollution and increased adult mortality. This project estimates the impact of long-term exposure to air pollution on mortality by leveraging quasi-random variation in pollution levels generated by wind patterns near major highways. I combine geocoded data on the residence of every ...
