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作者：Clark, Damon
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Irvine; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：What is the causal effect of schooling on subsequent labor market outcomes? In this paper I contribute evidence on this question by re-examining a British compulsory schooling reform that yields large-scale and quasi-experimental variation in schooling. First, I note that this reform was introduced in 1947, when British students attended higher-track (for the top 20%) or lower-track (for the rest) secondary schools. The reform increased the minimum school leaving age from 14 to 15 and I show t...
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作者：Hoxie, Philip G.; Shoag, Daniel; Veuger, Stan
作者单位：University of California System; University of California San Diego; University System of Ohio; Case Western Reserve University; University System of Ohio; Case Western Reserve University; Harvard University
摘要：Have workers stopped moving to the highest-density, highest-productivity places in the country because of a decline in the urban wage premium, or because the rent is too high? We analyze how important these two explanations are by studying them in one and the same empirical analysis. We find that non-college workers now effectively face a housing-inclusive urban wage penalty, while workers with college education continue to face a significant urban wage premium. We relate these findings to the...
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作者：Blasco, Julien; Guillaud, Elvire; Zemmour, Michael
作者单位：CY Cergy Paris Universite
摘要：Consumption taxes are often considered as the most regressive component of the tax system. However, there are only few estimates, and even fewer international comparisons, of the redistributive impact of consumption taxes in the literature, due to scarce data on household expenditures. We use household budget and income surveys and microsimulation to provide consistent estimates of the regressivity of consumption taxes for a large panel of countries and years. We propose a new method for imput...
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作者：Langenmayr, Dominika; Zyska, Lennard
作者单位：Leibniz University Hannover
摘要：With automatic exchange of tax information among countries now common, tax evaders have had to find new ways to hide their offshore holdings. One such way is citizenship-by-investment, which offers for-eigners a new passport for a local investment or a fixed fee. We show analytically that high-income indi-viduals acquire a new citizenship to lower the probability that their tax evasion is detected through information exchange. Using data on cross-border bank deposits, we find that deposits in ...
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作者：Kim, Seonghoon; Koh, Kanghyock; Lyou, Wonjun
作者单位：Singapore Management University; Korea University; University System of Ohio; Ohio State University
摘要：We test the income fungibility assumption from standard economic theory by analyzing spending responses to South Korea's labeled COVID-19 stimulus payments. We exploit unique policy rules for iden-tification: (1) recipients cannot use payments outside their province of residence, and (2) they can only use payments at establishments in pre-specified sectors. Using data on card transactions in Seoul, we find that households do not consider stimulus payments fungible. Compared to Seoul residents'...
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作者：Rogger, Daniel; Somani, Ravi
作者单位：The World Bank
摘要：The information public officials use to make decisions determines how public resources are distributed and the effectiveness of public policy. This paper develops a measurement approach for assessing the accuracy of a set of fundamental bureaucratic beliefs and provides experimental evidence on the possi-bility of 'evidence briefings' sent by senior members of the hierarchy improving that accuracy. The errors of public officials are large, with over 50 percent of officials making errors that a...
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作者：Devarajan, Shantayanan; Do, Quy-Toan
作者单位：Georgetown University; The World Bank
摘要：Why is governance in resource-rich countries so poor? We argue that it is because governments in these countries do not rely on taxation, which is an important instrument for citizens to hold their govern-ments accountable. Using a game-theoretic model, we show that the combination of low taxes and weak governance can be an equilibrium in an economy with sizeable mineral revenues. As income from natural resources ultimately declines, replacing it with tax revenues may require governments to gi...
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作者：Robbett, Andrea; Colon, Lily; Matthews, Peter Hans
作者单位：Middlebury College; Aalto University
摘要：American politics is currently characterized by polarized beliefs about otherwise verifiable realities, a pathology often ascribed to the influence of echo chambers on like-minded partisans. Partisans may seek out the views of like-minded individuals for either instrumental reasons, that is, because co -partisans are presumed to know more, or for expressive reasons, to learn or confirm partisan congenial beliefs. We conduct an online experiment to characterize the demand for, and use of, socia...
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作者：Baron, E. Jason; Jacob, Brian; Ryan, Joseph
作者单位：Duke University; National Bureau of Economic Research; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of Michigan System; University of Michigan
摘要：Roughly one in four juveniles arrested in the U.S. spend time in a detention center prior to their court date. To study the consequences of this practice for youth, we link the universe of individual public school records in Michigan to juvenile and adult criminal justice records. Using a selection-on-observables design, we estimate that juvenile detention leads to a 38% decline in the likelihood of graduating high school and a 27% increase in the likelihood of being arrested as an adult by ag...
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作者：Freedman, Matthew; Khanna, Shantanu; Neumark, David
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Irvine; Northeastern University; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of California System; University of California Irvine; IZA Institute Labor Economics
摘要：We evaluate the effects of one of a new generation of economic development programs, the California Competes Tax Credit (CCTC), on local job creation. Incorporating perceived best practices from previous initiatives, the CCTC combines explicit eligibility thresholds with some discretion on the part of program officials to select tax credit recipients. The structure and implementation of the program facilitates rig-orous evaluation. We exploit detailed data on accepted and rejected applicants t...
