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作者：Becker, Johannes; Wilson, John D.
作者单位：University of Munster; Michigan State University
摘要：We consider a world in which countries apply optimal taxes on mobile capital and savings (like in Bucovetsky and Wilson, 1991). Firms and savers may underreport income to avoid or evade taxation. We show that, even in the presence of underreporting, the equilibrium under tax competition may still be constrained-efficient (in the sense that there is no scope for welfare-enhancing tax coordination). This is the case if the marginal social costs of underreporting savings and investment income are...
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作者：Ferey, Antoine; Haufler, Andreas; Perroni, Carlo
作者单位：University of Munich; University of Munich; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut; University of Warwick
摘要：We offer a new explanation for why taxes have become less redistributive in many countries while the concentration of incomes has increased. Our argument is based on the prevalence of incentive contracts in modern economies, in conjunction with increased product market integration. Globalization widens the spread of project returns and makes contract choices more responsive to tax changes. This can result in a lower optimal income tax rate while simultaneously increasing the income share of to...
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作者：Somville, Vincent; Vandewalle, Lore
作者单位：Norwegian School of Economics (NHH)
摘要：To what extent does access to banking help poor households to save and smooth consumption? To answer this fundamental question, we combine a field experiment that randomly provides access to a bank account with weekly interviews on household finances. Access to banking does not change average consumption, but it improves consumption smoothing by alleviating savings constraints. Indeed, the con-trol's expenditures follow income more closely than the expenditures of the treated. The latter handl...
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作者：Huang, Jialin; Xing, Jianwei; Zou, Eric Yongchen
作者单位：University of International Business & Economics; Peking University
摘要：Many human activities can be strategically timed around forecastable natural hazards to mute their impacts. We study air pollution shock mitigation in a high-stakes healthcare setting: hospital surgery scheduling. Using newly available inpatient surgery records from a major city in China, we track post-surgery survival for over 1 million patients, and document a significant increase of hospital mortality among those who underwent surgeries on days with high particulate matter pollution. This e...
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作者：Accardo, Pasquale; De Feo, Giuseppe; De Luca, Giacomo
作者单位：University of Bath; University of Liverpool; Free University of Bozen-Bolzano
摘要：Higher electoral competition may reinforce the position of politically active criminal organizations, which can endorse politicians in exchange for favors. This paper formalizes this intuition and test it on Italian electoral data, using the 1991 electoral reform as an exogenous source of variation in electoral competition in one of the two branches of the Parliament. Our triple-difference estimates suggest that after the reform mafia-prone areas reported higher vote shares awarded to the part...
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作者：Clemens, Jeffrey; Hoxie, Philip; Kearns, John; Veuger, Stan
作者单位：University of California System; University of California San Diego; National Bureau of Economic Research; Princeton University; American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research
摘要：We estimate whether large allocations of federal aid for state and local governments played a role in advancing population testing for COVID-19 and the administration of vaccines. To overcome biases that can result from the endogeneity of federal aid allocations, we use an instrumental-variables estimator reliant on the substantial variation in federal aid predicted by variation in states' congressional representation. We find that federal fiscal assistance dollars had a modest if any impact o...
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作者：De Brouwer, Octave; Leduc, Elisabeth; Tojerow, Ilan
作者单位：Universite Libre de Bruxelles; Erasmus University Rotterdam; Erasmus University Rotterdam - Excl Erasmus MC; Universite Libre de Bruxelles
摘要：We study the effect of job search monitoring (JSM) on individual labor market outcomes of the long-term unemployed. Exploiting the implementation of a JSM program targeted at jobseekers under the age of 49, we set up a regression discontinuity design that credibly identifies the program's causal effect on unemployment, employment, and disability insurance (DI) participation and participation in other social welfare programs within a three-year period. We find that JSM increases exits from unem...
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作者：Angrist, Joshua D.; Pathak, Parag A.; Zarate, Roman A.
摘要：The educational mismatch hypothesis asserts that students are hurt by affirmative action policies placing them in selective schools for which they wouldn't otherwise qualify. We evaluate mismatch in Chicago's selective public exam schools, which admit students using neighborhood-based diversity criteria as well as test scores. Regression discontinuity estimates for applicants favored by affirmative action indeed show no gains in reading and negative effects of exam school attendance on math sc...
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作者：Hummel, Albert Jan; Ziesemer, Vinzenz
作者单位：University of Amsterdam; Tinbergen Institute; Erasmus University Rotterdam; Erasmus University Rotterdam - Excl Erasmus MC
摘要：The Atkinson-Stiglitz theorem on uniform consumption taxation breaks down if prices are endogenous. This paper investigates the implications for optimal food subsidies in China. To do so, we build a general equilibrium model where low-skilled workers have a comparative advantage in the production of food. Food subsidies raise the relative demand for low-skilled workers, which reduces the skill premium and indirectly redistributes income from high-skilled to low-skilled workers. The optimal foo...
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作者：Fang, Hanming; Liu, Chang; Zhou, Li-An
作者单位：University of Pennsylvania; National Bureau of Economic Research; Renmin University of China; Peking University
摘要：We analyze the window-dressing behavior of China's local governments throughout the 1990s, when they were required to fulfill compulsory education targets imposed by the central government. County officials faced severe negative career consequences if they failed to fulfill these targets. We found that county-level education expenditures increased progressively as the pre-specified inspection period drew near but decreased dramatically after the inspection. This phenomenon was interpreted as e...
