-
作者：Ilciukas, Julius
作者单位：University of Amsterdam
摘要：I study how reduced retirement opportunities in one generation affect fertility in the subsequent generation. I use administrative Dutch data and exploit the 2006 Dutch pension reform, which induced individuals born from January 1, 1950 onward to delay retirement while exempting those born earlier. I find that this reform reduced fertility among women with affected mothers. The reduction is economically significant and persists after the impact on retirement fades out. I supplement my analysis...
-
作者：Berlinski, Samuel; Busso, Matias; Giannola, Michele
作者单位：Inter-American Development Bank; University of Naples Federico II
摘要：We exploit the randomized evaluation of a remedial education intervention that improved the reading skills of low-performing third grade students in Colombia, to study whether providing educational support to low-achieving students affects the academic performance of their higher-achieving classmates. We find that the test scores of non-treated children in treatment schools increased by 0.108 of a standard deviation compared to similar children in control schools. We interpret the reduced-form...
-
作者：Cassidy, Mike; Currie, Janet
作者单位：Princeton University
摘要：Housing is one of the areas where it may be most critical for poor people to have access to legal representation in civil cases. We use the roll out of New York City's Universal Access to Counsel program (UA) to assess the effects of legal representation on tenant outcomes, using detailed address-level housing court data from 2016 to 2019. The program offers free legal representation in housing court to tenants with income at or below 200 percent of the federal poverty guideline. We find that ...
-
作者：Billings, Stephen B.
作者单位：University of Colorado System; University of Colorado Boulder
摘要：Using linked individual data on concealed handgun permits (CHP), reported crimes and arrests, I examine the dynamics of gun-ownership and criminal victimization. I initially show that being male, Republican, older, born in-state and a recent crime victim increases the probability that an adult obtains a CHP. Having a CHP increases property crime victimization by 46% with the largest impact on having a firearm stolen. Individual CHP holders see no change in violent crime victimization thus disp...
-
作者：Hummel, Albert Jan; Jacobs, Bas
作者单位：Tinbergen Institute; University of Amsterdam; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut; Tinbergen Institute; Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam; Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam
摘要：This paper extends the Diamond (1980) model with labor unions to study optimal income taxation and to analyze whether unions can be desirable for income redistribution if income taxes are optimized. Unions bargain with firms over wages in each sector and firms unilaterally determine employment. Optimal unemployment benefits and optimal income taxes are lower in unionized labor markets. Unions raise the efficiency costs of income redistribution, because unemployment benefits and income taxes ra...
-
作者：Callen, Michael; Gulzar, Saad; Hasanain, Ali; Khan, Muhammad Yasir; Rezaee, Arman
作者单位：University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; Princeton University; Lahore University of Management Sciences; Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE); University of Pittsburgh; University of California System; University of California Davis
摘要：The paper examines how politics relates to public sector absenteeism, a chronic and intractable public service delivery problem in many developing countries. In Punjab, Pakistan, we document that political interference routinely protects doctors from bureaucratic sanction, while personal connections between doctors and politicians and a lack of political competition are associated with more doctor absence. We then examine how politics impacts the success of an at-scale policy reform to combat ...
-
作者：Lusher, Lester; Yang, Wenni; Carrell, Scott E.
作者单位：Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE); University of Pittsburgh; IZA Institute Labor Economics; University of California System; University of California Davis; University of Texas System; University of Texas Austin; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：Using data on the NBER working paper series, we show that the dissemination of economics research suffers from a congestion problem: An increase in the number of weekly released working papers on average reduces downloads, abstract views, and media attention for each paper. Subsequent publishing and citation outcomes are harmed as well. Papers written by prominent authors are not immune to this congestion effect. Finally, suggestive evidence on viewership and downloads implies that working pap...
-
作者：Jacobs, Lindsay
作者单位：University of Wisconsin System; University of Wisconsin Madison
摘要：Occupations vary greatly in physical intensity, and there are, correspondingly, many differences in later-life work disability risk, retirement patterns, and applications for Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI)- a national program that insures shocks to work productivity due to disability, with about nine million current beneficiaries in the U.S. In light of its widespread coverage and large differences in utilization across occupations, this paper aims to measure the value of the SSDI...
-
作者：McMichael, Benjamin J.
作者单位：University of Alabama System; University of Alabama Tuscaloosa
摘要：The increased use of nurse practitioners (NPs) and physician assistants/associates (PAs) to provide healthcare represents an important supply-side policy option to expand access to care. However, restrictive scope-of-practice laws limit their ability to deliver care. I examine the effect of relaxing these scopeof-practice laws on healthcare amenable deaths, which are sensitive to access to care. Analyzing deaths in the United States between 2005 and 2019, I find that relaxing NP scope-of-pract...
-
作者：Prendergast, Canice
作者单位：University of Chicago
摘要：We address organizations that rely on donors, when those donors are motivated by making a difference. We show that when donors care sufficiently about their marginal impact, firms use practices that would normally be deemed inefficient. These include prioritizing less valuable opportunities over better ones, investing most in their weakest initiatives, and benefiting from not identifying the quality of their projects. These all arise from a distinction between marginal and average returns gene...
