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作者：Beine, Michel; Peri, Giovanni; Raux, Morgan
作者单位：University of Luxembourg; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of California System; University of California Davis; University of California System; University of California Davis; University of Luxembourg
摘要：While US universities attract millions of international students, we do not know how many of them work in the US after graduating. In this paper we implement an instrumental variable estimation, using quasirandom variations in the tuition charged, and we estimate that between 2003 and 2017 one more international master (or bachelor) student, attracted by a university, increased the US skilled labor supply in the year of graduation by about 0.23 (0.08) employees. Only for STEM students such eff...
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作者：Angerer, Silvia; Bolvashenkova, Jana; Glaetzle-Ruetzler, Daniela; Lergetporer, Philipp; Sutter, Matthias
作者单位：Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut; University of Innsbruck; Technical University of Munich; Max Planck Society; University of Cologne; IZA Institute Labor Economics
摘要：We present direct evidence on the link between children's patience and educational-track choices years later. Combining an incentivized patience measure of 493 primary-school children with their high-school track choices taken at least three years later at the end of middle school, we find that patience significantly predicts choosing an academic track. This relationship remains robust after controlling for a rich set of covariates, such as family background, school-class fixed effects, risk p...
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作者：Calabrese, Stephen; Epple, Dennis; Romano, Richard
作者单位：Wake Forest University; Carnegie Mellon University; State University System of Florida; University of Florida
摘要：To study redistribution and taxation in a federation, we provide a model with a central government and multiple local governments, the former with power to levy an income tax for redistribution, and the latter choosing a local income tax, property tax, lump-sum tax or subsidy, and a local public good. Policy is set by majority choice at each tier of government by households that differ by income and by ability to move among local jurisdictions. We provide sufficient conditions for existence of...
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作者：Mehic, Adrian
作者单位：Research Institute of Industrial Economics (IFN); Lund University
摘要：This paper examines the relationship between environmental accidents and voting. Following the 1986 Chernobyl disaster, environmentalist parties entered parliaments in several nations. This paper uses Chernobyl as a natural experiment creating variation in radioactive fallout exposure over Sweden. I match municipality level data on cesium ground contamination with election results for the environmentalist Green Party, which was elected to parliament in 1988. After adjusting for pre-Chernobyl v...
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作者：Dolls, Mathias; Krolage, Carla
作者单位：Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut; University of Regensburg
摘要：This paper analyzes behavioral responses to a 2014 reform in the German public pension system that lowered the full retirement age (FRA) of individuals with a long contribution history by up to two years and framed the new FRA as reference age for retirement. Using administrative data from public pension insurance accounts, we first document a substantial bunching response at the FRA exceeding the control group's bunching by 83%. Second, we show in a difference-in-difference setting that a 1.0...
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作者：Anders, John
作者单位：Trinity University
摘要：Today in the United States the welfare costs of crime are disproportionately borne by individuals living in predominately African-American or Hispanic neighborhoods. This paper shows that redlining practices established in the wake of the Great Depression made lasting contributions to this inequity. First I use an unannounced population cutoff that determined which cities were redline mapped to show that red-line mapping increased present-day city level crime. Secondly, I use a spatial regress...
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作者：Waseem, Mazhar
作者单位：University of Manchester
摘要：Value-added tax has seen phenomenal expansion in recent decades. Its appeal in part lies in its robust-ness to tax evasion relative to other tax instruments. Exploiting a tax reform from Pakistan that cuts the tax rate on five major industries of the country substantially, I estimate the size and nature of VAT eva-sion in the treated industries, finding that it ranges from 31-46% of the potential revenue. One important channel through which the evasion occurs is the overclaim of refunds, which...
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作者：Iselin, John; Mackay, Taylor; Unrath, Matthew
作者单位：California State University System; California State University Fullerton; University of California System; University of California Berkeley
摘要：The Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC) is the largest cash-based means-tested transfer program in the United States. In 2021, 31 million households received $64 billion from the federal EITC. Twenty-eight states also offer eligible taxpayers a supplement to the federal program. An estimated one-fifth of eligible households fail to claim the federal credit, but little is known about take-up of these state programs. We use administrative data from California on the population of Supplemental Nutrit...
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作者：Foged, Mette; Hasager, Linea; Peri, Giovanni; Arendt, Jacob Nielsen; Bolvig, Iben
作者单位：University of Copenhagen; University of London; University College London; University of California System; University of California Davis
摘要：Children of refugees are among the most economically disadvantaged youth in several European coun-tries. They are more likely to drop out of school and to commit crime. We find that a reform in Denmark in 1999 that expanded language training for adult refugees and was shown to improve their earnings and job market outcomes permanently, also increased lower secondary school completion rates and decreased juvenile crime rates for their children. The crime effect is entirely due to boys who were ...
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作者：Li, Han; Li, Jiangyi; Lu, Yi; Xie, Huihua
作者单位：Southwestern University of Finance & Economics - China; Sichuan University; Tsinghua University; Zhejiang University; Zhejiang University; Southwestern University of Finance & Economics - China; Sichuan University; Tsinghua University
摘要：This study analyzes the effects of housing policies on child development. By exploiting the policy-induced discontinuity in house size in China, we find that favorable housing policies significantly reduce children's cognitive skills, lessen their beliefs in an internal locus of control, and decrease their self-esteem but have little impact on their physical health or depression symptoms. The heterogeneous analyses show that children at a critical stage of skill formation, girls and children w...
