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作者：Callander, Steven; Wilson, Catherine H.
作者单位：Northwestern University
摘要：In recent decades psychologists have shown that the standard model of individual choice is often violated. One regularly observed violation is that choices are influenced by the decision context. To incorporate these effects into politics, we introduce a theory of context-dependent voting and apply it to the puzzle of why candidates are so frequently ambiguous in their policy pronouncements. We show that context-dependent voters develop a taste for ambiguity, even when they evaluate distances ...
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作者：Micheletto, Luca
作者单位：University of Milan; Bocconi University
摘要：The literature on externalities and optimal redistributive taxation in the presence of asymmetric information has so far been confined to the case where externalities are of the atmospheric type. One of the main results from this literature has been that the so called additivity property discovered by Sandmo [Sandmo, A. 1975. Optimal taxation in the presence of externalities. Swedish journal of Economics 77, 86-98] holds true also in this more general context. This paper extends previous analy...
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作者：Clotfelter, Charles; Glennie, Elizabeth; Ladd, Helen; Vigdor, Jacob
作者单位：Duke University; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：For a three-year time period beginning in 2001, North Carolina awarded an annual bonus of $1800 to certified math, science and special education teachers working in public secondary schools with either high-poverty rates or low test scores. Using longitudinal data on teachers, we estimate hazard models that identify the impact of this differential pay by comparing turnover patterns before and after the program's implementation, across eligible and ineligible categories of teachers, and across ...
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作者：Bider, Marianne P.; Gelbach, Jonah B.; Hoynes, Hilary W.
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Davis; University of California System; University of California Irvine; University of Arizona; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：A large literature has been concerned with the impacts of recent welfare reforms on income, earnings, transfers, and labor-force attachment. While one strand of this literature relies on observational studies conducted with large survey-sample data sets, a second makes use of data generated by experimental evaluations of changes to means-tested programs. Much of the overall literature has focused on mean impacts. In this paper, we use random-assignment experimental data from Canada's Self-Suff...
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作者：Glazer, Amihai; Kanniainen, Vesa; Poutvaara, Panu
作者单位：University of Helsinki; University of California System; University of California Irvine; Copenhagen Business School
摘要：We consider the effects of income redistribution when people can migrate from one country to another, and when land within each country is heterogeneous. Taxes related to income can then affect property values, and can induce migration, which further affects property values. We show that under these conditions a utilitarian government should never equalize after-tax incomes. If migration is impossible, it may even transfer income from the poor to the rich, reducing the rents earned by absentee...
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作者：Petrova, Maria
作者单位：Harvard University
摘要：Popular support of redistributive policies depends on information they have about the tax system and efficiency of public projects. Mass media provides a convenient means for manipulating public opinion, even when voters understand that the media can be biased. I develop a theory of media capture in which the rich can influence information published in a media outlet at a cost. The model shows that higher inequality is associated with lower media freedom; this effect is stronger in democratic ...
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作者：Keen, Michael
作者单位：International Monetary Fund
摘要：This paper explores the implications of a distinctive feature of the value added tax (VAT) that is stressed by practitioners but has been largely overlooked by theorists: that it functions, in part, as a tax on the purchases of informal operators from formal sector businesses and, not least on their imports. It also stresses the potential importance of the withholding taxes that are levied by many developing countries - which have also been ignored. It is shown, in a simple model of informalit...
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作者：Malin, Benjamin A.
作者单位：Federal Reserve System - USA
摘要：Previous research suggests that, in partial equilibrium, individuals whose decision-making exhibits a present-bias - such as hyperbolic discounters who tend to over-consume - will be in favor of having a floor imposed on their savings. In this paper, I show it is quite difficult for the introduction of a savings floor to be Pareto improving in general equilibrium. Indeed, a necessary condition for the floor to be Pareto improving is that it is high enough to be binding for all individuals. Eve...
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作者：Berlinski, Samuel; Galiani, Sebastian; Manacorda, Marco
作者单位：University of London; University College London; Washington University (WUSTL); University of London; Queen Mary University London; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science
摘要：We study the effect of pre-primary education on children's subsequent school outcomes by exploiting a unique feature of the Uruguayan household survey (ECH) that collects retrospective information on preschool attendance in the context of a rapid expansion in the supply of pre-primary places. Using a within household estimator, we find small gains from preschool attendance at early ages that get magnified as children grow up. By age 15, treated children have accumulated 0.8 extra years of educ...
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作者：De Fraja, Gianni
作者单位：University of Leicester; University of Rome Tor Vergata; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK
摘要：For many goods and services, such as health, education, legal services, police protection, the cost incurred by an individual supplier for providing quality is affected by the human capital of her colleagues. The paper shows that this human capital externality is crucial to determine whether such goods and services should be privately or publicly provided. Public and private provisions give individuals different incentives to acquire human capital, and the paper shows that either may be social...
