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作者：Ater, Itai; Givati, Yehonatan; Rigbi, Oren
作者单位：Tel Aviv University; Hebrew University of Jerusalem; Ben-Gurion University of the Negev
摘要：How does the organizational structure of law enforcement agencies affect police activity and crime? We examine the consequences of an organizational reform in Israel that transferred the responsibility for housing arrestees from the police to the prison authority. Using the staggered rollout of the reform in different regions of the country, we document strong evidence that this organizational change led to an increase of 11% in the number of arrests and to a decrease of 4% in the number of re...
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作者：Edwards, Ryan D.
作者单位：City University of New York (CUNY) System; Queens College NY (CUNY); National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：Military spending, fatalities, and the destruction of capital, all of which are immediately felt and are often large, are the most overt costs of war. They are also relatively short-lived. But the costs of war borne by combatants and their caretakers, which includes families, communities, and the modern welfare state, tend instead to be lifelong. In this paper I show that a significant component of the budgetary costs associated with U.S. wars is long-lived. One third to one half of the total ...
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作者：Kahn, Matthew E.; Kok, Nils; Quigley, John M.
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Los Angeles; Maastricht University; University of California System; University of California Berkeley; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：Commercial buildings play a major role in determining U.S. greenhouse gas emissions, yet surprisingly little is known about the environmental performance of different buildings at a point in time or how the same buildings perform over time. By exploiting a unique panel of commercial buildings from a major electric utility, we study the association between a building's electricity consumption and the physical attributes of buildings, lease incentive terms, indicators of human capital, and clima...
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作者：Gelber, Alexander; Isen, Adam
作者单位：University of Pennsylvania
摘要：Parents may have important effects on their children, but little work in economics explores whether children's schooling opportunities crowd out or encourage parents' investment in children. We analyze data from the Head Start Impact Study, which granted randomly chosen preschool-aged children the opportunity to attend Head Start. We find that Head Start causes a substantial increase in parents' involvement with their children-such as time spent reading to children, math activities, or days sp...
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作者：Brown, Kristine M.
作者单位：University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign
摘要：I exploit a major, unanticipated reform of the California teachers' pension to provide quasi-experimental evidence on the link between pension features and retirement timing. Using two large administrative data sets, I conduct a reduced-form analysis that leverages the nonlinearities in the return to work generated by the pension features and the reform-induced shifts of these nonlinearities for identification. The implied estimates of the elasticity of lifetime labor supply with respect to th...
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作者：le Maire, Daniel; Schjerning, Bertel
作者单位：University of Copenhagen
摘要：This paper proposes a dynamic extension to Saez (2010) bunching formula that allows us to distinguish bunching based on real responses and income shifting. We provide direct evidence of income shifting and pronounced bunching in taxable income for the Danish self-employed. If income shifting was neglected in this case, we would estimate a taxable income elasticity in the range of 0.43-0.53 and conclude that taxable incomes were highly sensitive to changes in marginal tax rates. We show, howeve...
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作者：Picard, Pierre M.; de la Potterie, Bruno van Pottelsberghe
作者单位：University of Luxembourg; Universite Catholique Louvain; Solvay SA; Universite Libre de Bruxelles
摘要：The present paper discusses the role of quality in patent examination process from the perspective of patent offices' behavior and organization. After documenting original stylized facts, the paper presents a model in which patent offices set patent fees and the quality level of their examination process. A higher effort in the examination process enhances the patent holders' protection in the judicial system and strengthens the screening of innovations with small inventive steps. We compare t...
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作者：Campante, Filipe R.; Hojman, Daniel A.
作者单位：Harvard University; Universidad de Chile
摘要：This paper sheds light on the links between media and political polarization by looking at the introduction of broadcast TV in the US. We provide causal evidence that broadcast TV decreased the ideological extremism of US representatives. We then show that exposure to radio was associated with decreased polarization. We interpret this result by using a simple framework that identifies two channels linking media environment to politicians' incentives to polarize. First, the ideology effect: cha...
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作者：Pashchenko, Svetlana
作者单位：Uppsala University
摘要：Why don't people buy annuities? Several explanations have been provided by the previous literature: large fraction of preannuitized wealth in retirees' portfolios; adverse selection; bequest motives: and medical expense uncertainty. This paper uses a quantitative model to assess the importance of these impediments to annuitization and also studies three newer explanations: government safety net in terms of means-tested transfers; illiquidity of housing wealth; and restrictions on minimum amoun...
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作者：Germano, Fabrizio; Meier, Martin
作者单位：Pompeu Fabra University; Barcelona School of Economics
摘要：Given that over half the revenues of global newspaper publishing come from advertising (80% in the US and 57% in OECD countries, OECD, 2010), we study how media firms internalize the effect of their own coverage on advertisers' sales and hence on their own advertising revenues. We show, within a framework of non-localized, Hotelling-type competition among arbitrary numbers of media firms and outlets, that (i) topics sensitive to advertisers can be underreported by all outlets in the market, (i...
