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作者：Fang, Ximeng; Heuser, Sven; Stoetzer, Lasse S.
作者单位：University of Oxford; European Commission Joint Research Centre; IZA Institute Labor Economics
摘要：Growing political polarization is often attributed to echo chambersamong like-minded individuals and a lack of social interactions among contrary-minded individuals. We provide quasi-experimental evidence on the effects of in-person conversations on individual-level polarization outcomes, studying a large-scale intervention in Germany that matched pairs of strangers for private face-to-face meetings to discuss divisive political issues. We find asymmetric effects: conversations with like-minde...
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作者：Kim, Taeho
作者单位：University of Toronto
摘要：Body-worn cameras (BWCs) have emerged as a crucial reform to restore police legitimacy. However, there remains limited evidence on the conditions under which BWCs reduce use of force and affect broader agency-wide outcomes. Using a quasi-experimental event study design, I analyze data from 593 U.S. police agencies to estimate the effects of BWC adoption. I find that reductions in police-involved homicides are heterogeneous-concentrated in regions with higher prior levels of such incidents and ...
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作者：Harstad, Bard; Kessler, Anke S.
作者单位：Stanford University; Simon Fraser University
摘要：We study how international environmental agreements can take advantage of domestic time-inconsistency problems. Policymakers often prefer future policies to be sustainable, but are tempted to invest less when being in office. We find the equilibrium number of signatory countries to be higher than when preferences are time consistent, especially when the political environment is unstable and polarized and the international spillovers are limited. This model also explains participation in treati...
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作者：Smart, Michael; Kronberg, Matthew; Lesica, Josip; Liu, Huju
作者单位：University of Toronto; Statistics Canada
摘要：We estimate causal effects of a pandemic-era wage subsidy in Canada on job losses and business closures. Our estimates use administrative microdata and a regression discontinuity strategy to estimate the effects of marginal changes in the wage subsidy rate. The estimated net wage elasticity of employment was 0.05 to 0.22, implying a small employment effect of the program and an estimated fiscal cost per job saved of more than $185,000 per year. Subsidy payments caused a small but persistent re...
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作者：Fraenkel, Rebecca; Krumholz, Sam
作者单位：University of California System; University of California San Diego
摘要：Large scale industrial plants often create broad economic benefits, but impose harms on nearby residents. When local jurisdictions have control over land use, such plants may not be built absent sufficient compensation. In this paper, we study the extent to which large plants' property tax payments compensate for local harms and whether local governments internalize these fiscal benefits when making decisions about local industrial development. We first demonstrate that the tax base impact of ...
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作者：Nguyen, Nhu; Ost, Ben; Qureshi, Javaeria A.
作者单位：University of Chicago; University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Chicago; University of Illinois Chicago Hospital
摘要：We document that recent generations of elementary school teachers are significantly more effective at raising math test scores for students than those from earlier generations. Measuring teachers' value-added for Black and White students separately, the improvements in teaching for Black students are significantly larger than those seen for White students. For reading, we find no evidence of generational differences in either overall or race- specific teacher quality. The race-specific improve...
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作者：Priyanka, Sadia; Sara, Raisa
作者单位：Connecticut College; Texas State University System; Sam Houston State University
摘要：Human capital accumulation in early childhood is a critical stage in the life cycle for forming skills that have long-lasting economic consequences. This paper studies whether an education stipend program targeted at girls' secondary schooling had an intergenerational impact on their children's skills development years later. Exploiting two sources of variation in the intensity of program exposure and geographic eligibility, we find significant intergenerational gains in children's cognitive a...
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作者：Setren, Elizabeth
作者单位：Tufts University
摘要：Over sixty years following Brown vs. Board of Education, racial and socioeconomic segregation and lack of equal access to educational opportunities persist. Across the country, voluntary desegregation busing programs aim to ameliorate these imbalances and disparities. A longstanding Massachusetts program, METCO, buses K-12 students of color from Boston and Springfield, Massachusetts to 37 suburban districts that voluntarily enroll urban students. Supporters of the program argue that it prepare...
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作者：Ge, Run; Huang, Jialin; Shi, Xinzheng
作者单位：Shanghai University of Finance & Economics; University of International Business & Economics; Peking University
摘要：Combining water monitoring station-level administrative data and transaction-level housing price data from Shanghai, China, we investigate the impact of China's 2015 water pollution reduction policy on water pollution and housing prices. We first find that the policy significantly improved the water quality of the treated monitoring stations by 0.352 standard deviations. Furthermore, we find that the policy led to a 5.4% increase in the housing prices of apartments located within a 500-meter d...
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作者：Menares, Felipe; Munoz, Pablo
作者单位：Inter-American Development Bank; Universidad de Chile
摘要：We study the impact of a healthcare reform that standardized procedures and timely coverage of a set of diseases. Using Chile's universe of death records and a difference-in-differences research design, we show that mortality from the diseases covered by this reform decreased by 4.4% on average. Disease-specific shocks or a resource shift from non-covered to covered diseases do not explain this effect. Evidence from polytraumatized inpatients suggests that the reform equalized utilization rate...
