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作者：ANDERSON, PM; MEYER, BD
作者单位：Northwestern University; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：We survey unemployment insurance (UI) in the United States and provide new evidence on the UI payroll tax. Most UI receipt is due to firms that pay part of the UI costs of their layoffs, but weak experience rating leads most firms to pay considerably less than the full costs. Industries consistently receiving subsidies from the UI system are construction, manufacturing, and mining. Finally, a large fraction of layoffs resulting in payment of UI are made by firms that are not charged for the co...
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作者：KAHN, LM
摘要：Using union contract and industry wage survey data, this article examines the effect of discounting on cooperative bargaining behavior by unions and firms. Game theory predicts that higher discount rates raise the temptation to defect from cooperation. Measures of cooperative behavior included the presence of merit pay, incentive pay, wage-employment guarantees, or labor-management study committees. Discount rates were proxied by the relevant industry's failure rate. Failure rates generally ha...
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作者：GRONAU, R
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作者：THOMASON, T; BURTON, JF
作者单位：Rutgers University System; Rutgers University New Brunswick
摘要：Using a sample of workers' compensation claims from New York, this article investigates the probability that the claimant and insurer will negotiate a settlement rather than adjudicate the claim; (2) the size of the settlement, if settlement occurs; (3) the size of the award if the claim is adjudicated; and (4) factors determining the extent of the insurers claim adjustment efforts. The findings show that insurer adjustment activities increase settlement probability and that a 24%-25% discount...
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作者：NELSON, JA
摘要：Researchers agree that household equivalence scales are intended to measure the variation in income needed to bring households of different composition to the same welfare level. Researchers do not agree, however, about how the term ''household welfare'' is to be defined. This article traces the historical and philosophical development of three distinct definitions. When the conceptual bases of several popular methods for the estimation of equivalence scales are explored, it becomes clear that...
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作者：BECKER, GS
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作者：REES, A
摘要：Neoclassical wage theory is based on the premise that a worker's utility is based on his own wage and his own hours of work, without reference to the wages and hours of others. This article reviews anecdotal evidence that the wages of others are a powerful force in determining worker satisfaction, such that utility goes down when the wages of others go up. The resulting comparisons are a powerful force in determining wage structure, but do not exclude ultimate effect of neoclassical wage deter...
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作者：BLOCK, W
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作者：HASHIMOTO, M
摘要：This article discusses some aspects of labor market adjustments in Japan that may be relevant to the low unemployment rate there. Japanese statistics treat kyugyosha (persons not at work) as being employed, but some of these workers would be counted as unemployed in the United States. The kyugyosha group appears to increase in size during downturns and decreases during upturns, suggesting that temporarily laid-off persons are an important part of this group. Japanese employers evidently rely l...
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作者：MURRAY, C
摘要：After describing the development and dimensions of the American welfare system, this paper explores the relationship of illegitimacy to welfare. Alternative measures of illegitimacy are discussed. The relationship of the welfare package and the illegitimacy ratio is examined over time and across states, by race. A bivariate relationship of welfare and illegitimacy exists among whites, but not among blacks. Among blacks, a strong cross-state relationship exists between density of the black popu...
