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作者：REILLY, KT
摘要：Estimates of the intertemporal labor supply behavior of males in Canada using micro data are reported. Individuals make the intertemporal labor supply decision on the basis of annual hours and weeks. Precision of the parameter estimates is improved by using tenure variable as instruments for the wage. Further, the age and tenure variables are allowed to have taste parameters in the structural equations. The evidence suggests that this is required only for the two age variables. Elasticity evid...
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作者：KNOEBER, CR; THURMAN, WN
摘要：Broiler chickens are raised by contract growers whose rewards depend explicitly upon relative performance. We use data on the performance of broiler producers facing both tournament and linear performance evaluation compensation structures to test three predictions from the theory of tournaments: that changes in the level of prizes that leave prize differentials unchanged will not affect performance; that, in mixed tournaments, more able players will choose less risky strategies; and that tour...
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作者：BECKER, E; LINDSAY, CM
摘要：This article employs a model of Masanori Hashimoto with extensions by Donald Parsons to analyze variation in tenure by sex, age, and firm type. Fixed-wage contracts eliminate postcontractual opportunism associated with firm-specific human capital investment. However, such contracts result in inefficient quits and terminations. Calibration of the sharing of this investment between workers and employers minimizes the costs of these inefficient separations. Moreover, this optimal sharing rate var...
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作者：MANNING, A
作者单位：University of Bergen
摘要：This article argues that the predictions of standard trade union models and the tests for distinguishing between these models are not robust to quite small and reasonable changes in the conventional assumptions. In particular, it considers the effect of assuming that the ex post substitutability between labor and capital is less than the ex ante substitutability. The paper shows that much of the conventional wisdom about the effects of trade unions is not necessarily true in this framework.
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作者：BARTEL, AP; SICHERMAN, N
摘要：According to human capital theory, technological change will influence the retirement decisions of older workers in two ways. First, workers in industries with high rates of technological change will retire later if there is a net positive correlation between technological change and on-the-job training. Second, an unexpected change in the rate of technological change will induce older workers to retire sooner because the required amount of retraining will be an unattractive investment. We mat...
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作者：CAMERON, SV; HECKMAN, JJ
摘要：This article analyzes the causes and consequences of the growing proportion of high-school-certified persons who achieve that status by exam certification rather than through high school graduation. Exam-certified high school equivalents are statistically indistinguishable from high school dropouts. Whatever differences are found among exam-certified eqiuivalents, high school dropouts and high school graduates are accounted for by their years of schooling completed. There is no cheap substitut...
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作者：TREJO, SJ
摘要：This article analyzes the effect of labor unions on overtime compensation and overtime hours. Estimates from May 1985 Current Population Survey data indicate that unionization increases the prevalence of premium pay for overtime and reduces the incidence and extent of overtime hours. Along with the finding of previous research that unionized workers are more susceptible to temporary layoffs, these results are consistent with a model in which unions use overtime pay to stabilize working hours a...
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作者：BLACKBURN, ML; NEUMARK, D
作者单位：University of Pennsylvania; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：Over the 1980s, there were sharp increases in the return to schooling estimated with conventional wage regressions. We explore whether the relationship between ability and schooling changed over this period in ways that would have increased the schooling coefficient in these regressions. Our empirical results reject the hypothesis that an increase in the bias of the schooling coefficient, due to a change in the relationship between ability and schooling, has contributed to observed increases i...
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作者：ZABEL, JE
摘要：This article analyzes the relationship between hours of work and labor force participation (LFP) in Heckman's model, Cogan's fixed-cost mode, Moffitt's minimum hours constraint model, and a generalized version of Heckman's model. First, the parameter restrictions between the LFP and reduced-form hours-of-work equations are compared. The models are then estimated, and the results support the weakening of the link between the LFP and hours-of-work decisions. One implication of the analysis is th...
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作者：BLOCK, W; WALKER, MA
作者单位：College of the Holy Cross
