Journal of Economic History

最新文章

• Sectarian Competition and the Market Provision of Human Capital AI翻译
  作者：Xiong, Heyu; Zhao, Yiling
  摘要：We study the role of denominational competition in the expansion of higher education in the nineteenth-century United States. We document that nearly all colleges established in this period were affiliated with a Christian denomination. Empirical analysis reveals a robust positive relationship between the denominational fragmentation of the county and the number of colleges established. We take several steps to rule out competing explanations and also highlight the causal channel by utilizing ...
• Was Marshall Right? Managerial Failure and Corporate Ownership in Edwardian Britain AI翻译
  作者：Queens University Belfast; Queens University Belfast
  摘要：Alfred Marshall argued that the malaise of public companies in Edwardian Britain was due to the separation of ownership from control and a lack of professional management. In this paper, we examine the ownership and control of the c.1,700 largest British companies in 1911. We find that most public companies had a separation of ownership and control, but that this had little effect on their performance. We also find that manager characteristics that proxy for amateurism are uncorrelated with pe...
• The birth of banking in Latin America: Finance and politics in the 19th century AI翻译
  作者：Universidad Adolfo Ibanez
• The Feudal Origins of Manorial Prosperity: Social Interactions in Eleventh-Century England AI翻译
  作者：Radboud University Nijmegen; University of Antwerp
  摘要：Does the prosperity of medieval manors depend on their position in the feudal system? How large are these effects? And what are the underlying economic mechanisms? Using Domesday Book, a unique country-wide survey conducted by William the Conqueror, we reinterpret the eleventh-century English feudal system as a network in which manors are linked to one another based on their common ownership structure. Both a reduced-form and a more structural approach reveal the existence of external economie...
• The Transportation Revolution and the English Coal Industry, 1695-1842: A Geographical Approach AI翻译
  作者：New York University; New York University Abu Dhabi
  摘要：Cross sections of coal prices in England for 1695, 1795, and 1842 are used to infer transportation rates by sea, river, canal, and road. The effectiveness of monopolies, the degree of market integration, and the patterns of regional supply of each mining district are then established. The growth rates of productivity in sea, river, and road transport from 1695-1842 are computed and combined with a social savings assessment of canals to measure the overall growth in the productivity of shipping...
• Market Access and Information Technology Adoption: Historical Evidence from the Telephone in Bavaria AI翻译
  作者：University of Adelaide
  摘要：Does market access affect information technology by shaping its diffusion and adoption? The introduction of the telephone in Bavaria is used to demonstrate that local and external market access affected both. External connections shortened the diffusion time of exchanges by 3 percent on average, while 4 percent of lines were due to such inter-city communication links. However, relatively stronger local effects from population size and demand for communication services, especially in larger cit...
• Shadow of a Taxman: Who Funded the Irish Revolution? AI翻译
  作者：University of Geneva
• Dust Bowl Migrants: Environmental Refugees and Economic Adaptation AI翻译
  作者：University of Chicago; National Bureau of Economic Research
  摘要：The 1930s American Dust Bowl created archetypal Dust Bowl migrants, refugees from environmental collapse. I examine this archetype, comparing migration from more-eroded and less-eroded counties to distinguish Dust Bowl migrants from other migrants. Dust Bowl migrants were negatively selected, in years of education, compared to other migrants who were positively selected. Dust Bowl migrants had lower incomes than natives in their destinations, which is reflected in popular impressions. I estima...
• The HOLC Maps: How Race and Poverty Influenced Real Estate Professionals' Evaluation of Lending Risk in the 1930s AI翻译
  作者：University of Arizona; Stellenbosch University; National Bureau of Economic Research; Bowdoin College; Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE); University of Pittsburgh
  摘要：During the late 1930s, the Home Owners' Loan Corporation (HOLC) developed a series of area descriptions with color-coded maps of cities that summarized mortgage lending risk. We analyze the maps to explain the oft-noted fact that black neighborhoods overwhelmingly received the lowest rating. Our results suggest that racial bias in the construction of the HOLC maps can explain at most 4 to 20 percent of the observed concentration of black households in the lowest-rated zones. We also provide ev...
• Drafting the Great Army: The Political Economy of Conscription in Napoleonic France AI翻译
  作者：University of Texas System; University of Texas El Paso; Middle Tennessee State University; Middle Tennessee State University
  摘要：Napoleon Bonaparte revolutionized the practice of war with his reliance on a mass national army and large-scale conscription. This system faced one major obstacle: draft evasion. This article discusses Napoleon's response to widespread draft evasion. First, we show that draft dodging rates across France varied with geographic characteristics. Second, we provide evidence that the regime adopted a strategy of discriminatory conscription enforcement by setting a lower (higher) conscription rate f...