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作者：WITHROW, J. E. N. N. I. F. E. R.
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作者：University of Munster; University of Munster
摘要：New data are used to construct a time series of real GDP in Germany for the period 1500-1850 using an indirect output estimation technique that relies on wages, prices, and sectoral employment. Until the mid-seventeenth century, real GDP per capita moved inversely with population. The eighteenth century saw a modest rise in output per head. From the late 1810s, economic growth gradually accelerated. The results shed new light on the reversal of fortunes in early modern Europe and the transitio...
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作者：[Anonymous]
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作者：Wallis, John
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作者：University of Oxford; Northwestern University
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作者：University of Exeter; University of Genoa
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作者：Kesztenbaum, Lionel; Gay, Victor
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作者：Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve System Board of Governors; Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - New York; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
摘要：We study the impact of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) on mortality and economic activity across U.S. cities during the 1918 Flu Pandemic. The combination of fast and stringent NPIs reduced peak mortality by 50 percent and cumulative excess mortality by 24 to 34 percent. However, while the pandemic itself was associated with short-run economic disruptions, we find that these disruptions were similar across cities with strict and lenient NPIs. NPIs also did not worsen medium-run economi...
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作者：Pompeu Fabra University; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; University of London; Queen Mary University London; Harvard University
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作者：Peking University; University of Hong Kong; Peking University
摘要：This paper investigates the impact of the abolition of the civil service exam on local governance in early twentieth-century China. Before the abolition, local elites collected surtaxes that financed local public goods, but they were supervised by the state and could lose candidacy for higher status if they engaged in corrupt behavior. This prospect of upward mobility (POUM) gave them incentives to behave well, which the abolition of the exam removed. Using anti-elite protests as a proxy for t...
