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作者：University of Oxford; University of Oxford; University of Nottingham; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK
摘要：We offer new evidence on the spatial economic impact of Italian unification. Adopting municipal population as a proxy for local economic activity, we construct a new geocoded dataset spanning the pre- and post-unification periods and discover robust evidence of an acceleration in growth near the former borders. A disproportionate improvement in market access boosted growth in these locations when barriers to trade were dismantled. Indirectly, unification's decisive contribution to intraregiona...
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作者：Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve System Board of Governors
摘要：Flightiness, or depositor sensitivity to liquidity needs, can be an important determinant of financial distress. I leverage institutional differences-that attract depositors with varying flightiness-across building and loan associations in California during the Great Depression. A new type of plan, the Dayton plan, involved less restrictive savings plans and lower withdrawal penalties. Dayton plans in California were more likely to close during the Great Depression. Archival evidence on lendin...
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作者：Irwin, Douglas A.
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作者：Universite Paris Saclay; Universite Libre de Bruxelles
摘要：The literature has pointed out the negative aspects of political dynasties. But can political dynasties help prevent autocratic reversals? We argue that political dynasties differ according to their ideological origin and that those whose founder was a defender of democratic ideals, for simplicity labeled pro-democratic dynasties, show stronger support for democracy. We analyze the vote by the French parliament on 10 July 1940 of an enabling act that granted full power to Marshall Philippe Pet...
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作者：University of London; King's College London; Fudan University
摘要：As a multi-faceted socio-political movement in twentieth-century China, the Cultural Revolution (1966-1976) witnessed conflict and social upheaval. This paper investigates its economic legacies, exploiting geographic variation in revolutionary intensity, measured by the number of resulting deaths. Using a newly assembled county-level panel dataset over five decades, we find worse-affected areas performed slightly better at baseline, but were slower to industrialize. This effect was large in th...
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作者：Auburn University System; Auburn University; National Bureau of Economic Research
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作者：University of Colorado System; University of Colorado Boulder
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作者：Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); CNRS - Institute for Humanities & Social Sciences (INSHS); IESEG School of Management; Universite de Lille
摘要：In this article, I investigate the effect of landholding inequalities on the democratization process in nineteenth-century France. I focus on the 1849 election, which followed the establishment of the Second Republic (1848-1851), and on the first six elections of the Third Republic (1870-1940), which took place between 1876 and 1893. I find that stronger landholding inequalities were associated to a lower support for the Republicans, and therefore constituted a threat to the consolidation of d...
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作者：Yale University
摘要：Economists have reported results based on populations for every country in the world for the past two thousand years. The source, McEvedy and Jones' Atlas of World Population History, includes many estimates that are little more than guesses and that do not reflect research since 1978. McEvedy and Jones often infer population sizes from their view of a particular economy, making their estimates poor proxies for economic growth. Their rounding means their measurement error is not classical. Som...
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作者：Northumbria University; Newcastle University - UK
摘要：Secure property rights are usually considered to be essential for sustained economic development. In England, it is debated whether property rights have been secure since the medieval period or if they were only established after the Glorious Revolution. In this context, the paper examines the Court of Wards, which from 1540 to 1646 administered the Crown's right to take custody of children and their lands when these were held by feudal-military tenures. The paper shows that wardship was a com...
