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作者：Mandelman, Federico S.
作者单位：Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - Atlanta
摘要：Using data for the Philippines, I develop and estimate a heterogeneous agent model to analyze the role of monetary policy in a small open economy subject to sizable remittance fluctuations. I include rule-of-thumb households with no access to financial markets and test whether remittances are countercyclical and serve as an insurance mechanism against macroeconomic shocks. When evaluating the welfare implications of alternative monetary rules, I consider both an anticipated large secular incre...
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作者：Utar, Hale; Ruiz, Luis B. Torres
作者单位：University of Bielefeld; Texas A&M University System; Texas A&M University College Station
摘要：Effects of the competition between two South locations (Mexico and China) in a Northern market (US) are analyzed. By employing a plant-level data set that covers the universe of Mexican export processing plants (maquiladoras) from 1990 to 2006 and relying on an instrumental variable strategy that exploits exogenous intensification of Chinese imports in the world in conjunction with the WTO accession of China, the empirical analysis reveals a substantial effect of intensified Chinese competitio...
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作者：Antwi, James; Phillips, David C.
作者单位：Cardiff University; Hope College
摘要：Can governments in developing countries retain skilled health workers by raising public sector wages? We investigate this question using sudden, policy-induced wage variation in which the Government of Ghana restructured the pay scale for health workers employed by the government. We find that a 10% increase in wages decreases annual attrition from the public payroll by 1.0 percentage point (from a mean of 8 percentage points) among 20-35 year-old workers from professions that tend to migrate....
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作者：Ang, James B.
作者单位：Monash University
摘要：We study the role of institutional development as a causal mechanism of history affecting current economic performance. Several indicators capturing different dimensions of early development in 1500 AD are used to remove the endogenous component of the variations in institutions. These indicators are adjusted with large-scale movements of people across international borders using the global migration matrix of Putterman and Well (2010) to account for the fact that the ancestors of a population...
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作者：Cheng, Yuk-Shing; Chung, Kim-Sau
作者单位：Hong Kong Baptist University; University of Minnesota System; University of Minnesota Twin Cities; Chinese University of Hong Kong
摘要：Developing countries with low tax capacity may rely on predation to finance government functions. Government predation, in turn, is often accused of imposing a choking effect on state-owned enterprises (SOEs), contributing to the latter's poor performance. We formalize this choking effect as a problem of inefficient predation that arises from time inconsistency, and show that having multiple government bodies supervising the same SOE may mitigate this problem. Our theory provides an efficiency...
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作者：Marrero, Gustavo A.; Rodriguez, Juan G.
作者单位：Universidad de la Laguna; Complutense University of Madrid
摘要：Theoretical and empirical studies exploring the effects of income inequality upon growth reach a disappointing inconclusive result. This paper postulates that one reason for this ambiguity is that income inequality is actually a composite measure of inequality of opportunity and inequality of effort. They may affect growth through opposite channels, thus the relationship between inequality and growth depends on which component is larger. Using the PSID database for the U.S. in 1970, 1980 and 1...
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作者：McKenzie, David; Gibson, John; Stillman, Steven
作者单位：The World Bank; University of Waikato; University of Otago
摘要：Millions of people emigrate every year in search of better opportunities. Anecdotes of emigrants with over-optimistic expectations about the incomes they can earn abroad suggest excessive migration pressure. Yet there is almost no statistical evidence on how accurately emigrants predict the incomes that they will earn working abroad. In this paper, we combine a natural emigration experiment with unique survey data on would-be emigrants' probabilistic expectations about employment and incomes i...
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作者：Shifa, Abdulaziz B.
作者单位：Stockholm University
摘要：In many developing countries, public resource allocation is often biased against the rural population. Since a vast majority of the poor live in rural areas, the bias is highlighted as one of the most important institutional factors contributing to poverty. This paper develops a political economy model of urban bias in a dictatorial regime. A novel result of the model is that urban bias can emerge in predominantly agrarian economies even if there is no bias in political power toward urban resi...
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作者：Caselli, Francesco; Ciccone, Antonio
作者单位：Barcelona School of Economics; Pompeu Fabra University; ICREA
摘要：How much would output increase if underdeveloped economies were to increase their levels of schooling? We contribute to the development accounting literature by describing a nonparametric upper bound on the increase in output that can be generated by more schooling. The advantage of our approach is that the upper bound is valid for any number of schooling levels with arbitrary patterns of substitution/complementarity. Another advantage is that the upper bound is robust to certain forms of endo...
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作者：Bandiera, Oriana; Rasul, Imran; Viarengo, Martina
作者单位：University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; University of London; University College London
摘要：We provide new estimates of migrant flows into and out of America during the Age of Mass Migration at the turn of the twentieth century. Our analysis is based on a novel data set of administrative records covering the universe of 24 million migrants who entered Ellis Island, New York between 1892 and 1924. We use these records to measure inflows into New York, and then scale-up these figures to estimate migrant inflows into America as a whole. Combining these flow estimates with census data on...
