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作者：Lopez, Ramon; Schiff, Maurice
作者单位：University System of Maryland; University of Maryland College Park; Universidad de Chile; The World Bank; IZA Institute Labor Economics
摘要：This paper studies a two-sector economy in which one of the sectors (the commodity sector) depends in part on the exploitation of a renewable natural resource and examines the issue in an economy-wide context where both natural resources and a man-made asset change endogenously over time. We show that under an open access resource regime: i) a resource-rich, capital-poor economy may experience a natural resource curse phase and under certain conditions, may even follow a non-sustainable path l...
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作者：Wang, Jin
作者单位：Hong Kong University of Science & Technology
摘要：The paper exploits a unique Chinese municipal dataset to assess the impact of Special Economic Zones on the local economy. Comparing the changes between the municipalities that created a SEZ in earlier rounds and those in later waves, I find that the SEZ program increases foreign direct investment not merely through firm relocation, and does not crowd out domestic investment. With dense investment in the targeted municipality the SEZ achieves agglomeration economies and generates wage increase...
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作者：Barham, Tania; Rowberry, Jacob
作者单位：University of Colorado System; University of Colorado Boulder; University of Colorado System; University of Colorado Boulder; University of Michigan System; University of Michigan
摘要：With both an aging population and a transition from communicable to chronic diseases, the health of the elderly is a growing issue in many developing countries. Conditional cash transfer programs are usually thought to benefit young people, but may also benefit other age groups since some programs require that all household members have regular preventive health check-ups. This paper exploits the phasing-in of the Mexican conditional cash transfer program, Progresa, between 1997 and 2000, and ...
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作者：Bjorkman-Nyqvist, Martina
作者单位：Stockholm School of Economics
摘要：This paper uses exogenous variation in rainfall across districts in Uganda to estimate the causal effects of household income shocks on children's enrollment and academic performance conditional on gender. I find negative deviations in rainfall from the long-term mean to have negative and highly significant effects on female enrollment in primary schools and the effect grows stronger for older girls. I find no effect of rainfall variation on the enrollment of boys and young girls. Moreover, I ...
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作者：Nandi, Arindam; Deolalikar, Anil B.
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Riverside
摘要：Despite strong recent economic growth, gender inequality remains a major concern for India. This paper examines the effectiveness of a public policy geared towards the reduction of gender inequality. The national Pre-Conception and Pre-Natal Diagnostics Techniques (PNDT) Act of 1994, implemented in 1996, banned sex-selective abortions in India. Although demographers frequently mention the futility of the Act, we are among the first to evaluate the law using a treatment-effect analysis framewor...
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作者：Kumar, Alok
作者单位：University of Victoria
摘要：This paper studies the effects of son-preference by parents and earnings function bias on child labor and schooling in a model in which parents are altruistic. It finds that son-preference leads to gender differential in child labor with female children working more than male children. But it does not lead to gender differential in schooling, except when the bequest constraints are binding. On the other hand, the earnings function bias results in gender differential in both child labor and sch...
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作者：Breinlich, Holger; Cunat, Alejandro
作者单位：University of Essex; University of Essex; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; University of Vienna
摘要：We propose a quantitative framework for the analysis of industrialization in which specialization in manufacturing or agriculture is driven by comparative advantage and non-homothetic preferences. Countries are integrated through trade but trade is not costless and geographic position matters. We use a number of analytical examples and a multi-country calibration to explain two important empirical regularities: (i) there is a strong positive correlation between proximity to large markets and l...
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作者：Stark, Oded; Jakubek, Marcin
作者单位：University of Bonn; University of Klagenfurt; University of Vienna; University of Warsaw; Warsaw School of Economics
摘要：A migration network is modeled as a mutually beneficial cooperative agreement between financially-constrained individuals who seek to finance and expedite their migration. The cooperation agreement creates a network: established migrants contract to support the subsequent migration of others in exchange for receiving support themselves. When the model is expanded to study cooperation between more than two migrants, it emerges that there is a finite optimal size of the migration network. Conseq...
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作者：Breuer, Janice Boucher; McDermott, John
作者单位：University of South Carolina System; University of South Carolina Columbia
摘要：We develop a theory that explains how two core values - Respect for others and Responsibility - affect productivity, the accumulation of capital, and output per worker. Using data from the World Values Survey, we empirically test the model using a panel dataset that includes 82 countries over six distinct years. We find that these-two core-values-are important-to-production and that their impact is substantial. We also show that Respect and Responsibility reduce the influence of trust and miti...
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作者：Cadot, Olivier; Iacovone, Leonardo; Pierola, Martha Denisse; Rauch, Ferdinand
作者单位：University of Lausanne; The World Bank; University of Oxford
摘要：Using a new dataset with transaction-level export data from four African countries (Malawi, Mali, Senegal and Tanzania), this paper explores the determinants of success upon entry into export markets, defined as survival beyond the first year at the firm-product-destination level. We find that the probability of success rises with the number of same-country firms exporting the same product to the same destination, suggesting the existence of cross-firm externalities. We explore several conject...
