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作者：Norling, Johannes
作者单位：Mount Holyoke College
摘要：This paper introduces a model-based approach for measuring heterogeneity in sex preferences using birth history records. The approach identifies the combinations of preferences over the sex and number of children that best explain observed childbearing. Empirical estimates indicate that a majority of parents in Africa, Asia, and the Americas consider the sex of children when making childbearing decisions. Many parents prefer sons and many prefer daughters. Comparisons with reported preferences...
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作者：Spitzer, Yannay; Zimran, Ariell
作者单位：Hebrew University of Jerusalem; Vanderbilt University; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：We study migrant selection using the rich data generated by the migration of Italians to the US between 1907 and 1925. Comparing migrants' heights to the height distributions of their birth cohorts in their provinces of origin produces a measure of selection that is exogenous to migration, representative, and generated by almost unrestricted migration. The Italian migration was negatively selected at the national level, but positively selected at the local level. Selection varied systematicall...
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作者：Cohen, Jessica; Saran, Indrani
作者单位：Harvard University; Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health
摘要：Despite substantial public and private costs of non-adherence to infectious disease treatments, patients often do not finish their medication. We explore adherence to medication for malaria, a major cause of morbidity and health system costs in Africa. We conducted a randomized trial in Uganda testing specialized packaging and messaging, designed to increase antimalarial adherence. We find that stickers with short, targeted messages on the packaging increase adherence by 9% and reduce untaken ...
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作者：Lin, Shu; Ye, Haichun
作者单位：Chinese University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong Monetary Authority (HKMA)
摘要：In a large sector-level bilateral trade dataset, we find robust evidence supporting a broad international credit channel of U.S. monetary policy transmission to developing countries. We show that U.S. monetary policy has a significant effect on the sectoral composition of developing countries' exports. Financially more vulnerable sectors have a significantly more negative exposure of their trade to a tight U.S. monetary policy, especially in financially less developed exporting countries or du...
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作者：De Luca, Giacomo; Hodler, Roland; Raschky, Paul A.; Valsecchi, Michele
作者单位：University of York - UK; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut; Monash University; New Economic School; KU Leuven; Collegio Carlo Alberto
摘要：We study ethnic favoritism in a global sample and rely on nighttime light intensity to capture a broad range of preferential policies targeted towards the political leaders' ethnic homelands. We construct two panel data sets with several thousand ethnographic regions from around 140 multi-ethnic countries and annual observations from 1992 to 2013. We find robust evidence for ethnic favoritism: nighttime light becomes 7%-10% more intense in the political leaders' ethnic homelands. We document t...
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作者：Flory, Jeffrey A.
作者单位：University of Chicago; Claremont Colleges; Claremont Graduate University; Claremont McKenna College
摘要：Using a field experiment on financial service information delivery in over 320 villages in Malawi, I find that formal savings increases agricultural investments and crop income, and raises private transfers to other households during the hungry season. Households with higher education adopt accounts and experience rises in savings and income, while low education households do not. However, the benefits to adopters are used to help insure the rest of the village - in contrast to suggestions els...
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作者：Lipscomb, Molly; Schechter, Laura
作者单位：University of Virginia; University of Wisconsin System; University of Wisconsin Madison
摘要：The proliferation of mobile money across developing countries has led to an increase in availability of mobile payment systems. This decreases the organizational complexity of allowing more flexible payment terms for customers. We test whether subsidies, deposit requirements, and access to a mobile money savings vehicle increase the propensity of households to purchase an improved but more expensive sanitation service. While high subsidies increase purchases of the improved service, interventi...
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作者：Milazzo, Annamaria
作者单位：The World Bank
摘要：This paper is the first to show that morbidity and mortality among adult women in India can be partially explained by son preference. First, I show suggestive evidence that women with a first-born girl have lower survival. Second, consistent with prior literature, I find that having a first-born girl leads to fertility behaviors medically known to hurt women's survival. Third, I show new evidence of effects of a first-born girl on a mother's likelihood and severity of anemia. These outcomes ar...
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作者：Arias, Javier; Artuc, Erhan; Lederman, Daniel; Rojas, Diego
作者单位：The World Bank; University System of Maryland; University of Maryland College Park
摘要：Informal employment is ubiquitous in developing countries, but no existing studies have estimated workers' switching costs between informal and formal employment. This paper builds on the empirical literature grounded in discrete choice models to estimate these costs for workers in Brazil and Mexico. The results suggest that inter-industry labor mobility costs are large, but entry costs into informal employment are significantly lower than the costs of entry into formal employment. Simulations...
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作者：Silve, Arthur; Verdier, Thierry
作者单位：Laval University; Institut Polytechnique de Paris; Ecole des Ponts ParisTech
摘要：Civil conflicts spill over into neighboring countries. This paper proposes a theory of the contagion of civil wars. Weak territorial control facilitates the emergence of a regional market for war inputs in the porous frontier. The contagion effect is nonlinear and creates multiple equilibrium situations of regional complexes of civil conflicts. This helps explain the observed patterns of regional clustering of conflict and institutional quality, and raises identification issues in the measurem...
