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作者：Gibson, John; Kim, Bonggeun
作者单位：University of Waikato; Seoul National University (SNU)
摘要：Estimating potential effects of price reforms is a key issue for many developing countries. Demand studies increasingly use household survey data on budget shares, which vary with quantity, price, and quality. If quality response to price is ignored, estimated price elasticities of quantity demand conflate responses on quantity and quality margins. Our review finds over 80% of published studies using budget shares from household survey data have this error. We use survey data from Vietnam, wit...
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作者：McKenzie, David; Sansone, Dario
作者单位：The World Bank; Georgetown University; University of Exeter
摘要：We compare the absolute and relative performance of three approaches to predicting outcomes for entrants in a business plan competition in Nigeria: Business plan scores from judges, simple ad-hoc prediction models used by researchers, and machine learning approaches. We find that i) business plan scores from judges are uncorrelated with business survival, employment, sales, or profits three years later; ii) a few key characteristics of entrepreneurs such as gender, age, ability, and business s...
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作者：Tovar, Patricia
作者单位：Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Peru
摘要：I test the predictions of Bagwell and Staiger's (1999) theory of the effects of preferential liberalization on import protection imposed against non-member countries. In contrast to the existing literature, which has (for the most part) focused on investigating whether external tariffs rise or fall due to preferential trade liberalization, by testing the predictions of a specific model in a way that closely follows the theory, I am able to examine the channels through which those effects take ...
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作者：Gottlieb, Charles; Grobovsek, Jan
作者单位：University of Edinburgh; University of St Gallen
摘要：Communal land tenure is prevalent across many developing countries. It implements a use it or lose it principle that allows owners to farm their land but restricts their right to transfer it away. This paper measures the distortionary impact of communal land in a dynamic general equilibrium model of occupational selection, calibrated to Ethiopia. We find that lifting communal land tenure increases GDP by 9% and lowers agricultural employment by 18 percentage points. While agricultural producti...
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作者：Dykstra, Sarah; Glassman, Amanda; Kenny, Charles; Sandefur, Justin
作者单位：University of Pennsylvania
摘要：Since 2001, an aid consortium known as Gavi has accounted for over half of vaccines purchased in the 75 eligible countries with an initial GNI below $1,000 per capita. Regression discontinuity estimates suggest most aid for cheap, existing vaccines like hepatitis B and DPT was inframarginal: for instance, hepatitis B doses sufficient to vaccinate roughly 75% of infants raised vaccination rates by single-digit margins. These results are driven by middle-income countries near the eligibility thr...
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作者：Granda, Catalina; Hamann, Franz; Tamayo, Cesar E.
作者单位：Universidad de Antioquia; Banco de la Republica Colombia; Universidad EAFIT
摘要：In this paper we build an incomplete-markets model with heterogeneous households and firms to study the aggregate effects of saving constraints and credit constraints in general equilibrium. We calibrate the model using survey data from Colombia, a developing country in which informal saving and credit frictions are pervasive. Our quantitative results suggest that reducing savings costs increases selection into formal saving, but the effect on aggregate outcomes and welfare is dwarfed by that ...
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作者：Liu, Dan; Meissner, Christopher M.
作者单位：East China Normal University; University of California System; University of California Davis; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：We investigate the relationship between GDP per capita, trade costs, demand, and income inequality between 1996 and 2011. Specifically we apply the aggregate AIDS-based gravity model as developed in Fajgelbaum and Khandelwal (2016) to a panel of 40 countries to generate a new measure of market potential. We then relate this measure of market potential to country level GDP per capita finding a significant positive relationship which performs better than CES-based measures of market potential. T...
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作者：Daruich, Diego; Easterly, William; Reshef, Ariell
作者单位：Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - St. Louis; New York University; National Bureau of Economic Research; Paris School of Economics; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
摘要：We study the instability of hyper-specialization of exports at the 4-digit level in 1998-2010. (1) Specializations are surprisingly un-stable. Export ranks are not persistent, and new top products and destinations replace old ones. Measurement error is unlikely to be the main or only determinant of this pattern. (2) Source country factors are not the main explanation of this instability. Only 16-20% of variation in export growth is accounted for by source country plus source country-product fa...
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作者：Metzger, Laura; Guenther, Isabel
作者单位：Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain; ETH Zurich; Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain; ETH Zurich
摘要：In a laboratory experiment, we analyze individuals' demand for information about a donation's welfare impact, and compare it with demand for information on recipient types and administrative costs. We find the least demand for information about aid impact, indicating that individuals either do not understand, do not trust, or do not care about the specific information we provide. Average donations increase in response to information about the recipient type and decrease in response to informat...
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作者：Humphreys, Macartan; de la Sierra, Raul Sanchez; Van der Windt, Peter
作者单位：Columbia University; University of Chicago; New York University; New York University Abu Dhabi
摘要：We study a randomized Community Driven Reconstruction (CDR) intervention that provided two years of exposure to democratic practices in 1250 villages in eastern Congo. To assess its impact, we examine behavior in a village-level unconditional cash transfer project that distributed $1000 to 457 treatment and control villages. The unconditonal cash transfer provides opportunities to assess whether public funds get captured, what governance practices are employed by villagers and village elites a...
