-
作者：Heath, Rachel; Tan, Xu
作者单位：University of Washington; University of Washington Seattle
摘要：In South Asia, parents prize sons for both economic and cultural reasons, and having a son is often thought to improve his mother's status within the household. However, using data from Bangladesh and India, we show that such high regard does not necessarily translate into improved autonomy for her. In fact, a daughter raises her mother's participation in household decisions and her freedom of mobility relative to a son. A daughter also prompts her mother to work more, but not necessarily to c...
-
作者：Ranasinghe, Ashantha; Restuccia, Diego
作者单位：University of Alberta; University of Toronto; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：Using cross-country micro establishment-level data we document that crime and lack of access to finance are two major obstacles to business operation in poor and developing countries. In an otherwise standard model of production heterogeneity that integrates institutional differences in the degree of financial development and the rule of law, we quantify the effects of these institutions on aggregate outcomes and economic development. The model accounts for the patterns across establishments i...
-
作者：Bridgman, Benjamin; Duernecker, Georg; Herrendorf, Berthold
作者单位：University of Munich; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; IZA Institute Labor Economics; Arizona State University; Arizona State University-Tempe
摘要：We provide evidence on the patterns of household production in 43 developing and developed countries. Household hours account on average for nearly half of the total hours worked in the household and the market. The vast majority of household hours produce services. As GDP per capita increases, average total hours worked and average household hours per working-age population decrease while average market hours increase (marketization); hours producing services increase their share in total hou...
-
作者：Teignier, Marc
作者单位：University of Barcelona
摘要：Low agriculture productivity is considered a key obstacle to economic development for-many countries. International trade in agricultural goods can help overcome this barrier and facilitate structural transformation because it allows countries to import part of their food needs. This article quantifies the role of trade in this context through the examples of South Korea during the last 50 years and Great Britain in the 19th century. To do the analysis, I calibrate and simulate a two-sector, n...
-
作者：Friedman, Willa Helterline
作者单位：University of Houston System; University of Houston
摘要：Assessing the impact of antiretroviral-drug access on future HIV infections in Sub-Saharan Africa requires identification of the behavioral response. This paper combines geocoded information about the timing of introduction of ARVs in Kenyan health facilities with population surveys to estimate the impact of proximity to ARV providers on adolescent risky sexual behavior. A variety of difference-in-difference strategies yield a range of estimates of behavioral effects on pregnancy rates and sel...
-
作者：Reijnders, Laurie S. M.; de Vries, Gaaitzen J.
作者单位：University of Groningen; University of International Business & Economics
摘要：This paper documents the growing share of non-routine jobs in the labor force of thirty-seven advanced and emerging countries over the period 1999-2007. To examine the role of offshoring and technological change in driving this labor market development, we develop a task-based model of production in global value chains and propose a decomposition of changes in occupational labor demand. In the setup of the model, technological change affects the total number of workers with a certain occupatio...
-
作者：Goldstein, Markus; Houngbedji, Kenneth; Kondylis, Florence; O'Sullivan, Michael; Selod, Harris
作者单位：The World Bank; The World Bank; The World Bank
摘要：We present evidence from the first large-scale randomized-controlled trial of a land formalization program. We examine the link between land demarcation and investment in rural Benin in light of a model of agricultural production under insecure tenure. The demarcation process involved communities In the mapping and attribution of land rights; cornerstones marked parcel boundaries and offered lasting landmarks. The tenure security improvement through demarcation induces a 23 to 43 percent shift...
-
作者：Beaman, Lori; Dillon, Andrew
作者单位：Northwestern University; Michigan State University
摘要：Social networks are an important mechanism for diffusing information when institutions are missing, but there may be distributional consequences from targeting only central nodes in a network. After implementing a social network census, one of three village-level treatments determined which treated nodes in the village received information about composting: random assignment, nodes with the highest degree, or nodes with high betweenness. We then look at how information diffuses through the net...
-
作者：Thu Hien Dao; Docquier, Frederic; Parsons, Chris; Peri, Giovanni
作者单位：Universite Catholique Louvain; University of Bielefeld; Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique - FNRS; University of Western Australia; University of California System; University of California Davis
摘要：Emigration first increases and then decreases as a country experiences economic development. This inverted U-shaped, cross-sectional relationship between emigration and development was first hypothesized by Zelinsky's theory of the mobility transition. Although several mechanisms have been proposed to explain the upward segment of the curve (the most common being the existence of financial constraints), they have not been examined in a systematic way. In this paper, we propose two decompositio...
-
作者：Ngo, Diana K. L.
作者单位：Occidental College
摘要：Living standards indices based on asset ownership are increasingly being used to describe poverty in developing countries. Yet, less work has been done on constructing meaningful weights using economic theory. In this paper, I develop a novel; cardinal index by incorporating asset prices, which can be feasibly collected at low cost. I weight items based on marginal utilities, estimated using a structural model of household preferences. Using data from the Living Standards Measurement Surveys f...
