-
作者：Druedahl, Jeppe; Jorgensen, Thomas H.
作者单位：University of Copenhagen
摘要：The degree to which consumers can distinguish persistent from transitory income shocks is paramount for consumption-saving dynamics. In particular, even a small amount of imperfect information causes a severe bias in conventional estimators of the marginal propensity to consume. We provide a novel method that can identify consumers' degree of information by using panel data on income and consumption, even allowing for measurement error. Employing our method to data from the Panel Study of Inco...
-
作者：Feng, Andy; Valero, Anna
摘要：This article investigates the link between management practices and workforce skills in manufacturing firms, exploiting geographical variation in the supply of human capital. Skills measures are constructed using newly compiled data on universities and regional labour markets across 19 countries. Consistent with management practices being complementary with skills, we show that firms further away from universities employ fewer skilled workers and are worse managed, even after controlling for a...
-
作者：Duggan, John; Martinelli, Cesar
作者单位：University of Rochester; George Mason University
摘要：We consider elections with hidden preferences and hidden actions, in which neither voters nor politicians can commit to future choices. When politicians are highly office motivated, they respond by choosing high policies to signal that they are above average, and some below-average politicians must randomise between choosing policies near their ideal points and mimicking above-average politicians by choosing high policies. If voter preferences are increasing, then elections deliver positive ou...
-
作者：Kreiner, Claus Thustrup; Leth-Petersen, Soren; Willerslev-Olsen, Louise Charlotte
作者单位：University of Copenhagen
摘要：This article uses administrative data with longitudinal information about defaults for the entire Danish population to analyse the driving forces behind financial problems. Non-parametric evidence shows that the default propensity is more than four times higher for individuals with parents in default compared with that for individuals with parents not in default. This intergenerational relationship is apparent soon after children move into adulthood and become legally able to borrow, and is re...
-
作者：Botticini, Maristella; Eckstein, Zvi; Vaturi, Anat
作者单位：Bocconi University; Bocconi University; Center for Economic & Policy Research (CEPR); Reichman University; Tel Aviv University; IZA Institute Labor Economics; University of Haifa
摘要：Economists increasingly highlight the role that human capital formation, institutions and cultural transmission may play in shaping health, knowledge and wealth. We study one of the most remarkable instances in which religious norms and childcare practices had a major impact: the history of the Jews in central and eastern Europe from 1500 to 1930. We show that while birth rates were about the same, infant and child mortality among Jews was much lower and accounted for the main difference in Je...
-
作者：Francesconi, Marco; James, Jonathan
-
作者：Manzini, Paola; Mariotti, Marco; Ulku, Levent
作者单位：University of Sussex; University of London; Queen Mary University London; Instituto Tecnologico Autonomo de Mexico
摘要：The Hicksian definition of complementarity and substitutability may not apply in contexts in which agents are not utility maximisers or where price or income variations, whether implicit or explicit, are not available. We look for tools to identify complementarity and substitutability satisfying the following criteria: they are behavioural (based only on observable choice data); model-free (valid whether the agent is rational or not) and they do not rely on price or income variation. We uncove...
-
作者：Schlosser, Analia; Neeman, Zvika; Attali, Yigal
作者单位：Tel Aviv University; Educational Testing Service (ETS)
摘要：We study how different demographic groups respond to incentives by comparing their performance in 'high' and 'low' stakes situations. The high stakes situation is the Graduate Record Examination (GRE), and the low stakes situation is a voluntary experimental section of the GRE. We find that males exhibit a larger drop in performance between the high and low stakes examinations than females, and that whites exhibit a larger drop in performance than minorities. Differences between high and low s...
-
作者：Phillips, David C.
作者单位：University of Notre Dame
摘要：Researchers commonly measure discrimination by comparing responses to multiple fictional applicants sent to the same vacancy. I find evidence that these applications interact. Using data from several existing experiments, I find that applicants randomly assigned to compete against higher quality applicant pools receive more callbacks. In the presence of such spillovers, many experiments confound discrimination against an individual's characteristics with employers' responses to the composition...
-
作者：Lavy, Victor; Sand, Edith
作者单位：Hebrew University of Jerusalem; National Bureau of Economic Research; Bank of Israel
摘要：We investigate the impacts separating students in Israel from pre-existing social relationships during the transition from elementary to middle school on their academic progress. We define several types of friendships using students' self-defined friendship nomination and rely for identification on the random assignment of students to classes within a given school. Our results suggest that the number of friends has positive or negative effects on students' educational outcomes, depending on th...
