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作者：Jiang, Shenzhe; Zhang, Yuzhe
作者单位：Peking University; Texas A&M University System; Texas A&M University College Station; Peking University
摘要：This article studies the optimal design of the Pacific Salmon Treaty, which was signed by the USA and Canada in 1999 to share salmon on the Pacific coast. Moral hazard exists because countries may steal from each other. If a country's observed output is suspiciously too high, the treaty either reduces the country's future share, or asks the country to make a monetary transfer to its opponent. A calibrated version of our model shows that it is optimal for the USA to pay Canada $328.93 million e...
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作者：Carvalho, Jean-Paul; Dippel, Christian
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Irvine; University of California System; University of California Los Angeles; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：Emancipation of slaves in the 1830s transformed the political elites of the British Caribbean plantation islands. New elites were more accountable to the citizenry. We develop a theory in which two factors limit and possibly reverse the effect of this on political outcomes, with legislators: (i) 'stepping up' to pass extractive policies; and/or (ii) weakening democratic institutions. The theory is supported by an historical analysis of ten Caribbean plantation islands, based on original archiv...
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作者：Bhattacharya, Puja; Nielsen, Kirby; Sengupta, Arjun
作者单位：University of Arkansas System; University of Arkansas Fayetteville; Stanford University; Ruprecht Karls University Heidelberg
摘要：Using an experiment, we demonstrate that a communication regime in which a worker communicates about his intended effort is less effective in: (i) soliciting truthful information; and (ii) motivating effort than one in which he communicates about his past effort. Our experiment uses a real-effort task, which additionally allows us to demonstrate the effects of communication on effort over time. We show that the timing of communication affects the dynamic pattern of work. In both treatments, in...
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作者：Blanco-Perez, Cristina; Brodeur, Abel
作者单位：University of Ottawa
摘要：In February 2015, the editors of eight health economics journals sent out an editorial statement which aimed to reduce the extent of specification searching and reminds referees to accept studies that: 'have potential scientific and publication merit regardless of whether such studies' empirical findings do or do not reject null hypotheses'. Guided by a pre-analysis, we test whether the editorial statement decreased the extent of publication bias. Our differences-in-differences estimates sugge...
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作者：Ochsner, Christian; Roesel, Felix
作者单位：Czech Academy of Sciences; Economics Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences; Charles University Prague; Czech Academy of Sciences; Economics Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut; Technische Universitat Dresden
摘要：We show that migrating extremists can shape political equilibria in the long run. Regions in Austria that witnessed an influx of Nazis fleeing the Soviets after WWII still have significantly higher far-right vote shares today. Institutions and family ties perpetuate persistence. Migrated Nazi elites founded and penetrated local party branches that cultivate and preserve far-right ideologies, even when outside conditions temporarily change. Phonebook entries from 1942 allow tracing current far-...
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作者：Armand, Alex; Attanasio, Orazio; Carneiro, Pedro; Lechene, Valerie
作者单位：Universidade Nova de Lisboa; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; Yale University; University of London; University College London; Norwegian School of Economics (NHH)
摘要：This article studies the differential effect of targeting cash transfers to men or women on household expenditure on non-durables. We study a policy intervention in the Republic of North Macedonia that offers cash transfers to poor households, conditional on having their children attending secondary school. The recipient is randomised across municipalities, with payments targeted to either the mother or the father of the child. Targeting transfers to women increases the expenditure share on fo...
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作者：Chen, Ting; Kung, James Kai-sing; Ma, Chicheng
作者单位：Hong Kong Baptist University; University of Hong Kong
摘要：China's civil examination system (keju), an incredibly long-lived institution, has a persistent impact on human capital outcomes today. Using the variation in the density of jinshi-the highest qualification-across 278 Chinese prefectures in the Ming-Qing period (c. 1368-1905) to proxy for this effect, we find that a doubling of jinshi per 10,000 population leads to an 8.5% increase in years of schooling in 2010. The persistent effect of keju can be attributed to a multitude of channels includi...
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作者：Dhillon, Amrita; Krishnan, Pramila; Patnam, Manasa; Perroni, Carlo
作者单位：University of Warwick; University of London; King's College London; University of Oxford; Center for Economic & Policy Research (CEPR); Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut; Institut Polytechnique de Paris; ENSAE Paris; Ecole Polytechnique
摘要：We look at the formation of new Indian states in 2001 to uncover the effects of political secession on the comparative economic performance of natural resource rich and natural resource poor areas. Resource rich constituencies fared comparatively worse within new states that inherited a relatively larger proportion of natural resources. We argue that these patterns reflect how political reorganisation affected the quality of state governance of natural resources. We describe a model of collusi...
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作者：Hammar, Olle; Waldenstrom, Daniel
作者单位：Uppsala University; Research Institute of Industrial Economics (IFN); Research Institute of Industrial Economics (IFN)
摘要：We estimate trends in global earnings dispersion across occupational groups by constructing a new database that covers 68 developed and developing countries between 1970 and 2018. Our main finding is that global earnings inequality has fallen, primarily during the 2000s and 2010s, when the global Gini coefficient dropped by 15 points and the earnings share of the world's poorest half doubled. Decomposition analyses show earnings convergence between countries and within occupations, while withi...
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作者：Gottschalk, Felix; Mimra, Wanda; Waibel, Christian
作者单位：IESEG School of Management; Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain; ETH Zurich
摘要：Agency problems are a defining characteristic of healthcare markets. We present the results from a field experiment in the market for dental care: a test patient who does not need treatment is sent to 180 dentists to receive treatment recommendations. In the experiment, we vary the socio-economic status of the patient and whether a second opinion signal is sent. Furthermore, measures of market, practice and dentist characteristics are collected. We observe an overtreatment recommendation rate ...
