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作者：Anderson, Simon P.; de Palma, Andre
作者单位：Universite Paris Saclay; University of Virginia; Institut Polytechnique de Paris; ENSAE Paris; Universite Paris Saclay
摘要：We show for CES demands with heterogeneous productivities that profit, revenue and output distributions lie in the same closed power family as the productivity distribution (e.g., the 'Pareto circle'). The price distribution lies in the inverse power family. Equilibrium distribution shapes are linked by linear relations between their density elasticities. Introducing product quality decouples the CES circle, and reconciles Pareto price and Pareto sales revenue distributions. We use discrete ch...
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作者：Bauer, Christian; Mora, Jose V. Rodriguez
作者单位：University of Munich; Alan Turing Institute; University of Edinburgh; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK
摘要：We present a model of heterogeneous firms and misallocation in which financial frictions are partially overcome if more human resources are devoted to intermediation, at the cost of having fewer resources employed in directly productive activities. Not only does an inefficient financial sector result in an inefficient final good sector; an inefficient final good sector results in an inefficient financial sector. Exogenous inefficiencies in the productive sector generate decreased demand for fi...
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作者：Feenstra, Robert C.; Xu, Mingzhi; Antoniades, Alexis
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Davis; National Bureau of Economic Research; Peking University; Georgetown University
摘要：We examine the price and variety of a sample of consumer goods at the barcode level in cities within China. Unlike the position in the United States, in China the prices of goods tend to be lower in larger cities. We explain that difference between the countries by the more uneven spatial distribution of manufacturers' sales and retailers in China, and we confirm the pro-competitive effect of city size on reducing markups there. In both countries, there is a greater variety of goods in larger ...
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作者：Barth, Erling; Bryson, Alex; Dale-Olsen, Harald
作者单位：IZA Institute Labor Economics; University of London; University College London
摘要：We exploit changes in tax subsidies for union members in Norway to identify the effects of changes in firm-level union density on productivity and wages. Increased deductions in taxable income for union members led to higher membership rates and contributed to a lower decline in union membership rates over time in Norway. Accounting for selection effects and the potential endogeneity of unionisation, the results show that increasing union density at the firm level leads to a substantial increa...
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作者：Enders, Zeno
作者单位：Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut; Ruprecht Karls University Heidelberg
摘要：This article proposes a novel mechanism by which changes in the distribution of money holdings have real aggregate effects. I develop a flexible-price model of segmented asset markets in which monetary policy influences the aggregate demand elasticity via heterogenous money holdings. Because varieties of consumption bundles are purchased sequentially, newly injected money disseminates slowly throughout the economy via second-round effects. The model predicts a short-term inflation-output trade...
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作者：Adda, Jerome; Fawaz, Yarine
作者单位：Bocconi University
摘要：This paper assesses the effect of import competition on the labour market and health outcomes of US workers. We first show that import shocks affect employment and income, but only in areas where jobs are more intense in routine tasks. Exploiting over 40 million individual observations on health and mortality, we find that import had a detrimental effect on physical and mental health that is concentrated in those areas and exhibits strong persistence. It decreased healthcare utilisation and in...
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作者：Aldashev, Gani; Marini, Marco; Verdier, Thierry
作者单位：Universite Libre de Bruxelles; Institut Polytechnique de Paris; Ecole des Ponts ParisTech; Pontificia Universidade Catolica do Rio de Janeiro; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK
摘要：This article provides a theoretical framework to understand the tendency of non-governmental organisations (NGOs) to cluster and the circumstances under which such clustering is socially undesirable. NGOs compete through fundraising for donations and choose issues to focus their projects on. Donors have latent willingness-to-give that may differ across issues, but they need to be 'awakened' to give. Raising funds focusing on the same issue creates positive informational spillovers across NGOs....
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作者：Dippel, Christian; Greif, Avner; Trefler, Daniel
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Los Angeles; National Bureau of Economic Research; Stanford University; Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR); University of Toronto
摘要：In economies with a large informal sector firms can increase profits by reducing workers' outside options in that informal sector. We formalise this idea in a simple model of an agricultural economy with plantation owners who lobby the government to enact coercive policies-e.g., the eviction and incarceration of squatting smallhold farmers-that reduce the value to working outside the formal sector. Using unique data for 14 British West Indies 'sugar islands' from 1838 (the year of slave emanci...
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作者：Mandler, Michael
作者单位：University of London; Royal Holloway University London
摘要：The incompleteness of behavioural preferences can lead many or even all allocations to qualify as Pareto optimal. But the incompleteness does not undercut the precision of utilitarian policy recommendations. Utilitarian methods can be applied to groups of goods or to the multiple social welfare functions that arise when individual preferences are incomplete, and policymakers do not need to provide the preference comparisons that individuals are unable to make for themselves. The utilitarian or...
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作者：Chiappori, Pierre-Andre; Naidoo, Jesse
作者单位：Columbia University; University of Pretoria; University of Chicago
摘要：We provide a set of necessary and sufficient conditions for a system of Engel curves to have been generated by a non-cooperative model of family behaviour. These conditions fully characterise the local behaviour of household-level consumption in the cross-section, i.e., as a function of total income and distribution factors. In this setting, any demand system compatible with a non-cooperative model is also compatible with a collective model, but the converse is not true. We describe how these ...
