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作者：Brehm, Paul; Saavedra, Martin
作者单位：University System of Ohio; Oberlin College; Rutgers University System; Rutgers University New Brunswick
摘要：We estimate the effect of compulsory vaccination court decisions on anti-vaccine discourse and mortality. We measure anti-vaccine discourse using language in American newspapers. Using human-classified training data and machine learning techniques, we predict anti-vaccine discourse for nearly 48,000 newspaper pages. Staggered difference-in-differences estimates show that anti-vaccine discourse increased for a period of two years after pro-vaccine state-level Supreme Court decisions before retu...
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作者：Calvacanti, Tiago; Hasna, Zeina; Santos, Cezar
作者单位：Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; University of Cambridge; Getulio Vargas Foundation; International Monetary Fund; University of Cambridge; Inter-American Development Bank; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK
摘要：We evaluate the aggregate and distributional effects of climate change mitigation policies using a multi-sector equilibrium model with intersectoral input-output linkages and worker heterogeneity, calibrated to various countries. Carbon taxes induce changes in relative prices and input reallocation, notably in labour. In the United States, achieving its Paris Agreement commitment results in, at most, a 0.8% reduction in output, unevenly affecting different sectors and individuals. Some workers...
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作者：Alvarez-Palau, Eduard J.; Bogart, Dan; Satchell, Max; Shaw-Taylor, Leigh
作者单位：UOC Universitat Oberta de Catalunya; University of California System; University of California Irvine; University of Cambridge
摘要：The Industrial Revolution led to dramatic economic changes that persist to the present. This paper focuses on urban areas in England and Wales, the birthplace of the First Industrial Revolution, and the role of early transport improvements, like improving rivers and roads, building canals and reducing sailing costs. We estimate how much inter-urban freight transport costs declined from all such innovations between 1680 and 1830 using a new multi-modal transport model. We find that relative to ...
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作者：Grewenig, Elisabeth; Lergetporer, Philipp; Werner, Katharina
作者单位：Technical University of Munich
摘要：Gender gaps in labour-market outcomes often exacerbate with the arrival of the first child. We investigate how highlighting existing gender norms affects labour-supply expectations in a sample of 2,000 German adolescents. At baseline, the majority of girls expect to work 20 hours or less per week when having a young child, and expect their partners to work 30 hours or more. We implement randomised treatments that (i) increase the salience of the existing traditional norm prescribing labour sup...
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作者：Cervellati, Matteo; Meyerheim, Gerrit; Sunde, Uwe
作者单位：University of Bologna; IZA Institute Labor Economics; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; University of Munich
摘要：The relation between income and democracy remains debated, empirically and theoretically. We propose a broader perspective that goes beyond a uni-directional and mono-causal interpretation of the income-democracy nexus by focusing on the neglected role of the transition from economic stagnation to sustained growth. We illustrate our argument with an integrated model of long-run growth and democratisation that delivers two general insights. First, rather than higher income levels per se, it is ...
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作者：Koethenbuerger, Marko; Naguib, Costanza; Stettler, Christian; Stimmelmayr, Michael
作者单位：Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain; ETH Zurich; University of Bern; University of Bath
摘要：We provide quasi-experimental evidence on the income tax-induced residential mobility of foreign high-income households living in Switzerland by exploiting the differential tax treatment of UK and US households. While the two groups are similar in terms of non-tax sorting preferences, US households are effectively insulated from Swiss income taxation due to the US worldwide income tax system. Thus, they provide the control group for the UK households, our treatment group. Comparing the residen...
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作者：Waights, Sevrin
作者单位：Humboldt University of Berlin
摘要：I use the universe of tax returns in Germany and a regression kink design to estimate the impacts of mothers' parental leave benefit amounts on within-couple earnings inequality. I make use of a benefits cap to estimate the causal impacts for high-earning women: a group for which earnings inequality is particularly large. A lower mother's benefit amount results in a reduced gender gap in earnings that persists beyond the benefit period for at least nine years after the birth. The longer-term i...
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作者：Barro, Robert J.; Bianchi, Francesco
作者单位：Harvard University; National Bureau of Economic Research; Johns Hopkins University; National Bureau of Economic Research; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK
摘要：The fiscal theory of the price level has been active for thirty years, and the interest in this theory grew with the recent global surges in inflation and government spending. A related idea from Lucas and Stokey is that inflation during wartime (or an analogous global emergency such as the COVID pandemic) can be an efficient form of state-contingent public finance. This study applies these ideas to the recent inflation in thirty-seven Organisation of Economic Co-operation and Development coun...
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作者：Lochner, Benjamin; Merkl, Christian
作者单位：University of Erlangen Nuremberg; IZA Institute Labor Economics; University of Erlangen Nuremberg
摘要：This paper examines how gender-specific application behaviour, firms' hiring practices and flexibility demands relate to the gender earnings gap, using linked data from the German Job Vacancy Survey and administrative records. Women are less likely than men to apply to high-wage firms with high flexibility requirements, although their hiring chances are similar when they do. We show that compensating differentials for firms' flexibility demands help explain the residual gender earnings gap. Am...
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作者：Huang, Yihong; Jiang, Yixi; Lu, Ziqi
作者单位：Peking University; University of Jinan
摘要：Social media, on which signals are often correlated, has become a primary source of information. How do people form beliefs when reading correlated signals online? In a field experiment on Weibo, we exposed Chinese college students to redundant negative posts about civil service jobs. Consequently, students developed a 0.16-standard-deviation higher negative view of these jobs and were 11% less likely to register for civil service exams, compared to the control group. We find the same effect i...
