-
作者：Gonzalez, Libertad; Jimenez-Martin, Sergi; Nollenberger, Natalia; Castello, Judit Vall
作者单位：Pompeu Fabra University; Barcelona School of Economics; IE University; University of Barcelona
摘要：We evaluate the short- and long-term effects for women of access to legal, subsidised abortion. We find evidence that the legalisation of abortion in Spain in 1985 led to an immediate decrease in births, more pronounced for younger women in provinces with a higher supply of abortion services. Affected women were more likely to graduate from high school, less likely to marry young, less likely to divorce in the long term and reported higher life satisfaction as adults. We find at most small red...
-
作者：Agranov, Marina; Eilat, Ran; Sonin, Konstantin
作者单位：California Institute of Technology; National Bureau of Economic Research; Ben-Gurion University of the Negev; University of Chicago
摘要：We analyse a model of political competition in which the elite form endogenously to aggregate information and advise the uninformed median voter which candidate to choose. The median voter knows whether or not the endorsed candidate is biased toward the elites, but might still prefer the biased candidate if the elite's endorsement provides sufficient information about her competence. The elite size and the degree of information aggregation by the elite depend on the extent to which the median ...
-
作者：Gagliarducci, Stefano; Tabellini, Marco
作者单位：Harvard University; National Bureau of Economic Research; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; IZA Institute Labor Economics; University of Rome Tor Vergata
摘要：We study the effects of ethnic religious organisations on immigrant assimilation, assembling novel data on Italian Catholic churches across US counties between 1890 and 1920. Exploiting variation in the timing of church entry, we find that Italian churches reduced social and economic assimilation along dimensions that require more inter-group interactions, but had null or positive effects on outcomes for which cross-group coordination is less important. We provide evidence that coordination wi...
-
作者：Huebener, Mathias; Jessen, Jonas; Kuehnle, Daniel; Oberfichtner, Michael
作者单位：IZA Institute Labor Economics; IZA Institute Labor Economics; University of Duisburg Essen; University of Erlangen Nuremberg
摘要：Motherhood and parental leave are frequent causes of worker absences and employment interruptions, yet little is known about their effects on firms. Based on linked employer-employee data from Germany, we examine how parental leave absences affect small- and medium-sized firms. We show that they anticipate the absence with replacement hirings in the six months before childbirth. A 2007 parental leave reform extending leave absences reduces firm-level employment and total wages up to three year...
-
作者：Bhalotra, Sonia; Delavande, Adeline; Font-Gilabert, Paulino; Maselko, Joanna
作者单位：University of Technology Sydney; University of Warwick; University of Technology Sydney; Universidade Nova de Lisboa; University of London; King's College London; University of North Carolina; University of North Carolina Chapel Hill
摘要：We investigate the importance of subjective expectations of returns to and effort costs of the two principal investments that mothers make in newborns: breastfeeding and stimulation. We find heterogeneity across mothers in rural Pakistan in expected effort costs and expected returns for outcomes in the cognitive, socio-emotional and health domains, and that this contributes to explaining heterogeneity in investments. We find no significant differences across women in preferences for child deve...
-
作者：Correa-Dias, Lucas; Norris, Jordan J.; Pellegrina, Heitor S.
作者单位：Getulio Vargas Foundation; New York University; New York University Abu Dhabi; University of Notre Dame
摘要：We develop a quantitative, multi-country general equilibrium framework to study the impact of economic growth, dietary restrictions and food trade policies on global greenhouse-gas (GHG) emissions from agriculture. Motivated by new cross-country relationships between economic development, diet patterns, agricultural technologies and GHG emissions, our framework features different income elasticities of demand across food products and multiple agricultural technologies for production across gri...
-
作者：Hochmuth, Philipp; Krusell, Per; Mitman, Kurt
作者单位：Stockholm University; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：The EU has embarked on an ambitious path towards climate neutrality. How difficult will this transition be for the population as a whole and for different subsets of consumers? This paper investigates this question using a dynamic general-equilibrium model that captures a key feature of energy consumption: the relative energy content of one's consumption basket falls significantly as a function of one's relative income. Thus, low-income consumers are expected to be hit harder by the higher ene...
-
作者：Eftekhari, Aryan; Folini, Doris; Friedl, Aleksandra; Kubler, Felix; Scheidegger, Simon; Schenk, Olaf
作者单位：Universita della Svizzera Italiana; Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain; ETH Zurich; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut; University of Munich; University of Zurich; University of Lausanne; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science
摘要：We introduce a framework for developing efficient and interpretable climate emulators for economic models of climate change. The paper makes two main contributions. First, we propose a general framework for constructing carbon cycle emulators for macroeconomic models. The framework is implemented as a generalised linear multi-reservoir (box) model that conserves key physical quantities and can be customised for specific applications. We consider three versions of the carbon cycle emulator, whi...
-
作者：Dengler, Thomas; Gehrke, Britta; Zessner-Spitzenberg, Leopold
作者单位：Deutsche Bundesbank; Free University of Berlin; IZA Institute Labor Economics; Technische Universitat Wien
摘要：During the COVID-19 crisis, most OECD countries used short-time work (subsidised reductions in working hours) to preserve employment. This paper documents that short-time work affects the behaviour of firms (supply) and households (demand). First, using household survey data from Germany, we show that the consumption risk of short-time work is lower than that of unemployment. Second, we construct a New Keynesian model with heterogeneous workers and firms, incomplete asset markets and labour ma...
-
作者：Boneva, Teodora; Golin, Marta; Kaufmann, Katja; Rauh, Christopher
作者单位：University of Bonn; University of Zurich; University of Bayreuth; Barcelona School of Economics; Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC); CSIC - Institut d'Analisi Economica (IAE); University of Cambridge
摘要：We provide representative evidence on the perceived returns to maternal labour supply. A mother's decision to work is perceived to have sizeable impacts on child skills, family outcomes, and the mother's future labour market outcomes. Beliefs about the impact of additional household income can account for some, but not all, of the perceived positive effects. We further document labour supply intentions under different policy scenarios related to childcare availability and quality, two factors ...
