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作者：Janes, Laurin; Koelle, Michael; Quinn, Simon
作者单位：Organisation for Economic Co-operation & Development (OECD); Imperial College London
摘要：Do capital grants improve microenterprise productivity? We use the lens of a production function to re-examine two previous randomised controlled trials that allocated capital to microenterprises. We find that productivity is higher for treated firms, and accounts for about 20%-30% of the revenue effects of capital grants. Although long-run estimates are noisy, point estimates indicate that these productivity effects are sustained six years after the grants. We explore possible mechanisms for ...
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作者：Baselgia, Enea; Martinez, Isabel Z.
作者单位：Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain; ETH Zurich; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK
摘要：We use a novel rich-list dataset to estimate the sensitivity of the location choices of super-rich foreigners to a special tax regime, under which wealthy foreigners are taxed based on their living expenses, rather than their true income and wealth. We are the first to show that, when some Swiss cantons repealed this controversial policy, their stock of super-rich foreigners dropped by 43% as a consequence. We find no response for the Swiss super-rich, who were unaffected by the policy change....
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作者：Dong, Lu; Huang, Lingbo; Lien, Jaimie W.
作者单位：Southern University of Science & Technology; Shandong University
摘要：A meritocratic fairness ideal typically asserts that income inequality is justifiable if it arises from differences in performance rather than mere luck. In this study, we present experimental evidence that reveals how merit judgements are influenced by the sources of performance differentials, while holding fixed the underlying impact on incentives to perform. Drawing inspiration from real-world factors that create inequality, we investigate unequal opportunities in education and employment t...
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作者：Bisin, Alberto
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作者：Bursztyn, Leonardo; Kolstad, Jonathan; Rao, Aakaash; Tebaldi, Pietro; Yuchtman, Noam
作者单位：University of Chicago; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of California System; University of California Berkeley; Harvard University; Columbia University; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK
摘要：Politicising policies designed to address market failures can diminish their effectiveness. We document a pattern of 'political adverse selection' in the health insurance exchanges established under the Affordable Care Act (colloquially, 'Obamacare'): Republicans enrolled at lower rates than Democrats and independents, a gap driven by healthier Republicans. This selection raised public subsidy spending by approximately $155 per enrollee annually (3.2% of average cost). We fielded a survey to s...
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作者：Craig, Ashley C.; Martin, David C.
作者单位：Australian National University; Harvard University
摘要：Does relaxing strict school discipline improve student achievement, or lead to classroom disorder? We study a 2012 reform in New York City public middle schools that eliminated suspensions for non-violent, disorderly behaviour. Math scores of students in more-affected schools rose by 0.05 standard deviations over three years relative to other schools. Reading scores rose by 0.03 standard deviations. Only a small portion of these aggregate benefits can be explained by the direct impact of elimi...
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作者：Hollenbach, Johannes; Schmitz, Hendrik; Westphal, Matthias
作者单位：Leibniz Association; RWI - Leibniz Institut fur Wirtschaftsforschung; University of Paderborn; Fern University Hagen
摘要：We study how gene-environment interactions between education and genetic endowments affect cognition in old age, and we use this setting to show that-even with a valid instrument-two-stage least-squares estimates of interaction effects can be far from the true effect. This occurs when treatment effects are heterogeneous and compliance with the instrument depends on the interaction variable. We suggest estimating marginal treatment effects to address this problem. Our estimation results show co...
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作者：Li, Weijia
摘要：Economic growth needs a strong and well-functioning government. But a government too strong can dominate private firms, leading to a holdup problem that is especially severe in autocracies. This paper studies how to constrain local officials in autocracies through personnel rules, with a special focus on rotation and performance-based evaluation. Through a game-theoretic model, I show that rotation or performance evaluation alone makes the holdup problem even worse. But it is exactly their com...
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作者：Ascari, Guido; Colciago, Andrea; Haber, Timo; Wohrmuller, Stefan
作者单位：University of Pavia; European Central Bank; De Nederlandsche Bank NV; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; Deutsche Bundesbank; University of Amsterdam; University of Milano-Bicocca
摘要：The EU aims for 42.5% green energy consumption by 2030. What are the effects of the European green transition on inequality? We answer this question using a heterogeneous-agent model with non-homothetic preferences for energy and non-energy goods, calibrated to European data. We study the impact of an increase in carbon taxes designed to meet the EU target under different revenue-recycling strategies. Redistributing tax revenues via uniform transfers reduces consumption inequality, shifts the ...
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作者：Erosa, Andres; Galvez-Iniesta, Ismael; Kredler, Matthias
作者单位：Universidad Carlos III de Madrid; Universitat de les Illes Balears
摘要：Evidence from Spanish administrative data suggests that the Great Recession had long-lasting effects on employment and wages, with heterogeneous impacts across different groups of male workers. To assess the long-run effects of recessions on males' careers, we develop a statistical model of cyclical fluctuations in the labour market. In the model, young workers are more likely to be employed in temporary jobs than older workers, increasing their likelihood of facing a job separation when a rec...
