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作者：Blasutto, Fabio; de la Croix, David
作者单位：Stockholm School of Economics; Universite Catholique Louvain; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK
摘要：Censorship makes new ideas less available to others, but also reduces the number of people choosing to develop non-compliant ideas. We propose a new method to measure the effect of censorship on knowledge growth, accounting for the agents' choice between compliant and non-compliant occupations. We apply our method to the Catholic Church's censorship of books written by members of Italian universities and academies over the period 1400-750. We highlight new facts: once censorship was introduced...
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作者：Chirakijja, Janjala; Jayachandran, Seema; Ong, Pinchuan
作者单位：Monash University; Princeton University; National Bureau of Economic Research; National University of Singapore
摘要：This paper examines how the price of home heating affects mortality in the United States. Exposure to cold is one reason that mortality peaks in winter, and a higher heating price increases exposure to cold by reducing heating use. Our empirical approach combines spatial variation in the energy source used for home heating and temporal variation in the national prices of natural gas and electricity. We find that a lower heating price reduces winter mortality, driven mostly by cardiovascular an...
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作者：Forlani, Emanuele; Martin, Ralf; Mion, Giordano; Muuls, Mirabelle
作者单位：University of Pavia; Imperial College London; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; ESSEC Business School; University of Nottingham; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut
摘要：We develop a novel framework that simultaneously allows recovering heterogeneity in demand, quantity total factor productivity and markups across firms while leaving the correlation between the three dimensions unrestricted. We accomplish this by explicitly introducing demand heterogeneity and systematically exploiting assumptions used in previous productivity estimation approaches. In doing so, we provide an exact decomposition of revenue productivity in terms of the underlying heterogeneitie...
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作者：Aldashev, Gani; Jaimovich, Esteban; Verdier, Thierry
作者单位：University of Surrey; Universite Libre de Bruxelles; University of Surrey; Paris School of Economics; Institut Polytechnique de Paris; Ecole des Ponts ParisTech
摘要：We study the implications of transparency policies on decentralised public good provision by the non-profit sector. We present a model where imperfect monitoring of the use of funds interacts with the competitive structure of the non-profit sector under alternative informational regimes. Increasing transparency regarding the use of funds may have ambiguous effects on total public good provision and on donors' welfare. On the one hand, transparency encourages all non-profit firms to engage more...
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作者：Hensvik, Lena; Mueller, Dagmar; Skans, Oskar Nordstrom
作者单位：Uppsala University; Uppsala University; Research Institute of Industrial Economics (IFN); Uppsala University
摘要：Using Swedish economy-wide data, we examine the relationship between business-cycle conditions and the use of social contacts in the process where young workers are matched to their first real jobs. We measure social contacts acquired during paid work during high school, and we rely on interacted class-establishment fixed-effect models to isolate the effects of interest. One-third of post-graduation matches are formed at establishments where youths worked during their studies. Graduates are mu...
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作者：Casey, Katherine; Glennerster, Rachel; Miguel, Edward; Voors, Maarten
作者单位：Stanford University; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of Chicago; University of California System; University of California Berkeley; Wageningen University & Research
摘要：We evaluate the long-run effects of a decentralised approach to economic development called community-driven development-a prominent strategy for delivering foreign aid-by revisiting a randomised community-driven development program in Sierra Leone 11 years after launch. We estimate large persistent gains in local public goods and market activity, and modest positive effects on institutions. There is suggestive evidence that community-driven development may have slightly improved the communiti...
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作者：Arthi, Vellore; Lampe, Markus; Nair, Ashwin; O'Rourke, Kevin Hjortshoj
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Irvine; Vienna University of Economics & Business
摘要：What is the role of trade policy in promoting intra-Empire trade? We address the question in the context of interwar India, whose trade policies have been accused of harming British export interests. We quantify the impact of trade policy on the value and composition of Indian imports, using novel disaggregated data on both trade policies and imports for 114 commodity categories coming from 42 countries. We find that, even though Indian protection lowered total imports, it substantially booste...
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作者：Bayer, Christian; Born, Benjamin; Luetticke, Ralph; Mueller, Gernot J.
作者单位：Eberhard Karls University of Tubingen; University of Bonn; Center for Economic & Policy Research (CEPR); Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut; IZA Institute Labor Economics; Frankfurt School Finance & Management; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut; Eberhard Karls University of Tubingen
摘要：In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, large parts of the economy were locked down and, as a result, households' income risk rose sharply. At the same time, policy makers put forward the largest stimulus package in history. In the United States it amounted to $2 trillion, a quarter of which represented transfer payments to households. To the extent that such transfers were (i) announced in advance and (ii) conditional on recipients being unemployed, they mitigated income risk associated with th...
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作者：Bratsberg, Bernt; Markussen, Simen; Raaum, Oddbjorn; Roed, Knut; Rogeberg, Ole
摘要：We study assortative mating of Norwegian parents over five decades and its consequences for offspring outcomes. Parents are characterised by the earnings decile of their parents (the offspring's grandparents) as an indicator of social class. While assortative mating has remained stable across decades, parenthood has become more skewed toward the higher classes. Examining the influence on offspring education and employment, we find that the marginal effect of one parent's class is smaller the h...
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作者：Schildberg-Hoerisch, Hannah; Schwarz, Marco A.; Trieu, Chi; Willrodt, Jana
作者单位：IZA Institute Labor Economics; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut
摘要：Debates about affirmative action often revolve around fairness. In a laboratory experiment, we study three quota rules in tournaments that favour individuals whose performance is low, either due to discrimination, low productivity, or choice of a short working time. Affirmative action favouring discriminated individuals is perceived as fairest, followed by that targeting individuals with a short working time, while favouring low-productivity individuals is not perceived as fairer than an absen...
