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作者：Melander, Eric; Miotto, Martina
作者单位：University of Birmingham; Charles University Prague; Czech Academy of Sciences; Economics Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences; Czech Academy of Sciences; University of Birmingham
摘要：The New Poor Law reform of 1834 induced dramatic and heterogeneous reductions in welfare spending across English and Welsh counties. Using the reform in a difference-in-differences instrumental variables strategy, we document a robust negative relationship between the generosity of welfare provision and criminal activity. Results are driven by non-violent property crimes and are stronger during months of seasonal agricultural unemployment, highlighting the particularly criminogenic combination...
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作者：Dustmann, Christian; Ku, Hyejin; Surovtseva, Tetyana
作者单位：University of London; University College London; University of London; University College London; New York University; New York University Abu Dhabi
摘要：We relate origin-destination real price differences to immigrants' reservation wages and their career trajectories, exploiting administrative data from Germany and the 2004 enlargement of the European Union. We find that immigrants who enter Germany when a unit of earnings from Germany allows for larger consumption at home settle for lower entry wages, but subsequently catch up to those arriving with less favourable exchange rates, through transition to better-paying occupations and firms. Sim...
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作者：Butikofer, Aline; Ginja, Rita; Loken, Katrine V.; Landaud, Fanny
作者单位：Norwegian School of Economics (NHH); University of Bergen; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); CY Cergy Paris Universite
摘要：Although many students suffer from anxiety and depression, and often identify school pressure and concerns about their futures as the main reasons for their worries, little is known about the consequences of the schooling environment on students' mental health. Using a regression discontinuity analysis in the largest Norwegian cities, we show that eligibility to enrol in a higher-achievement high school increases the probability of enrolment in higher education and decreases the probability of...
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作者：Hubert, Ryan; Little, Andrew T.
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Davis; University of California System; University of California Berkeley; University of California System; University of California Davis
摘要：A large economic literature studies whether racial disparities in policing are explained by animus or by beliefs about group crime rates. But what if these beliefs are incorrect? We analyse a model where officers form beliefs using crime statistics, but do not properly account for the fact that they will detect more crime in more heavily policed communities. This creates a feedback loop where officers over-police groups that they (incorrectly) believe exhibit high crime rates. This inferential...
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作者：DeAngelo, Gregory; Toger, Marina; Weisburd, Sarit
作者单位：Claremont Colleges; Claremont Graduate University; Uppsala University; Hebrew University of Jerusalem; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK
摘要：The delayed response of law enforcement to calls for service has become a hot button issue when evaluating police department performance. While it is often assumed that faster response times could play an important role in quelling potentially violent incidents, there is no empirical evidence to support this claim. In this paper, we measure the effect of police response time on the likelihood that an incident will result in an injury. To overcome the endogeneity of more severe calls being assi...
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作者：Adhvaryu, Achyuta; Molina, Teresa; Nyshadham, Anant; Tamayo, Jorge
作者单位：National Bureau of Economic Research; University of California System; University of California San Diego; University of Hawaii System; University of Hawaii Manoa; University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; National Bureau of Economic Research; Harvard University
摘要：Children who face significant disadvantage early in life are often found to be worse off years or even decades later. Can conditional cash transfer programs mitigate the negative consequences and help these children catch up with their peers? We answer this question using data from rural Mexico, where rainfall shocks can have substantial effects on household income. We find that adverse rainfall in a child's year of birth decreases grade attainment, post-secondary enrolment and employment outc...
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作者：Guo, Shiqi; Gao, Nan; Liang, Pinghan
作者单位：Sun Yat Sen University; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Zhongnan University of Economics & Law; Sun Yat Sen University
摘要：This paper traces the formation of politicians' policy preferences to their early-life experiences. Based on biographical information on 2,806 county party secretaries in China and fiscal data from the 1,713 counties they governed during the 1998-2007 period, we find that a one-percentage-point increase in the early-life famine severity experienced by a county party secretary increases fiscal expenditures on agriculture by 0.8% and on social security subsidies by 1.1%. Agricultural taxes are r...
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作者：Oreopoulos, Philip; Petronijevic, Uros
作者单位：University of Toronto; York University - Canada
摘要：We present results from a five-year effort to design promising virtual coaching interventions to improve college student achievement. Across nearly 20,000 students at three campuses, we find some improvement on study time, but no effect on academic outcomes. We interpret the results with unique survey data and a model of student effort. Treated students learn that more effort is needed to attain good grades and develop stronger preferences for high grades, but these effects are too small to tr...
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作者：Fabregas, Raissa
作者单位：University of Texas System; University of Texas Austin
摘要：This paper estimates the impacts of attending better middle schools on the test scores, on-time graduation, self-reported socio-emotional skills, aspirations and high school track choices of marginally admitted students. A regression discontinuity design comparing students just above and below the admission threshold to higher-achieving middle schools in Mexico shows some modest gains on externally graded tests, but adverse effects on grade point average and on-time graduation. By the end of m...
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作者：Heidhues, Paul; Koester, Mats; Koszegi, Botond
作者单位：Heinrich Heine University Dusseldorf; University of Bonn
摘要：Online intermediaries with information about a consumer's tendencies often 'steer' her toward products she is more likely to purchase. We analyse the welfare implications of this practice for 'fallible' consumers, who make statistical and strategic mistakes in evaluating offers. The welfare effects depend on the nature and quality of the intermediary's information and on properties of the consumer's mistakes. In particular, steering based on high-quality information about the consumer's mistak...
