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作者：Bronzini, Raffaello; Iachini, Eleonora
作者单位：European Central Bank; Bank of Italy; European Central Bank; Bank of Italy
摘要：This paper evaluates a unique R&D subsidy program implemented in northern Italy. Firms were invited to submit proposals for new projects and only those which scored above a certain threshold received the subsidy. We use a sharp regression discontinuity design to compare the investment spending of subsidized firms with that of unsubsidized firms. For the sample as a whole we find no significant increase in investment. This overall effect, however, masks substantial heterogeneity in the program'...
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作者：Romer, Christina D.; Romer, David H.
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Berkeley
摘要：This paper uses the interwar United States as a laboratory for investigating the incentive effects of marginal income tax rates. We examine the impact of the large changes in rates in this period on taxable income using time-series/cross-section analysis of data by small slices of the income distribution. We find that the effect operated in the expected direction but was economically small, and that it is precisely estimated and highly robust. We also find suggestive time-series evidence of a ...
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作者：Evans, William N.; Garthwaite, Craig L.
作者单位：University of Notre Dame; Northwestern University
摘要：The 1993 expansions of the Earned Income Tax Credit created the first meaningful separation in benefits between families containing two or more children and those with only one child. If income is protective of health, we should see improvements over time in the health for mothers eligible for these higher EITC benefits. Using data from the Behavioral Risk Factors Surveillance Survey, we find improvements in self-reported health for affected mothers. Using data from the National Health and Nut...
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作者：Barbarino, Alessandro; Mastrobuoni, Giovanni
作者单位：Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve System Board of Governors; University of Essex; Collegio Carlo Alberto; Tilburg University
摘要：We estimate the incapacitation effect on crime using variation in Italian prison population driven by eight collective pardons passed between 1962 and 1990. The prison releases are sudden (within one day), very large (up to 35 percent of the entire prison population), and happen nationwide. Exploiting this quasi-natural experiment we break the simultaneity of crime and prisoners and, in addition, use the national character of the pardons to separately identify incapacitation from changes in de...
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作者：Ujhelyi, Gergely
作者单位：University of Houston System; University of Houston
摘要：This paper studies the policy impact of civil service regulations, exploiting reforms undertaken by US state governments throughout the twentieth century. These reforms replaced political patronage with a civil service recruited based on merit and protected from politics. I find that state politicians respond to these changes by spending relatively less through the reformed state-level bureaucracies. Instead, they allocate more funds to lower level governments. The reallocation of expenditures...
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作者：Egger, Peter; Keuschnigg, Christian; Merlo, Valeria; Wamser, Georg
作者单位：Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain; ETH Zurich; University of Oxford; University of St Gallen; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut; Eberhard Karls University of Tubingen
摘要：This study develops a theoretical model of a multinational firm with an internal capital market. Hypotheses regarding the role of local versus foreign characteristics such as profit tax rates, lack of institutional quality, financial underdevelopment, and productivity for internal debt financing at the level of foreign affiliates are derived and assessed empirically in a panel dataset covering the universe of German multinationals. We show that differences in nontax incentives given by fundame...
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作者：Bui, Sa A.; Craig, Steven G.; Imberman, Scott A.
作者单位：Cornell University; University of Houston System; University of Houston; Michigan State University
摘要：We evaluate the impact of Gifted and Talented (GT) programs on students through a regression discontinuity (RD) design, and by analyzing a randomized lottery for elite magnet GT schools. We show that GT students in each analysis are exposed to higher achieving peers and, in the RD sample, a more advanced curriculum. We find that achievement for marginal students neither improves nor worsens from GT services in the short run. We also find that lottery winners only perform better in science. Usi...
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作者：Kleven, Henrik Jacobsen; Schultz, Esben Anton
作者单位：University of London; London School Economics & Political Science
摘要：This paper estimates taxable income responses using a series of Danish tax reforms and population-wide administrative data since 1980. The tax variation and data in Denmark makes it possible to overcome the biases from nontax changes in inequality and mean reversion that plague the existing literature. We provide compelling graphical evidence of taxable income responses, arguably representing the first nonparametrically identified evidence of taxable income elasticities using tax reforms. We a...
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作者：Brueckner, Jan K.; Neumark, David
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Irvine
摘要：Rent extraction by public sector workers may be limited by the ability of taxpayers to vote with their feet. But rent extraction may be higher in regions where high amenities mute the migration response. This paper develops a theoretical model that predicts such a link between public sector wage differentials and local amenities, and the predictions are tested by analyzing variation in these differentials and amenities across states. Public sector wage differentials are, in fact, larger in the...
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作者：Ericson, Keith M. Marzilli
作者单位：Boston University
摘要：I use the Medicare Part D prescription drug insurance market to examine the dynamics of firm interaction with consumers on an insurance exchange. Enrollment data show that consumers face switching frictions leading to inertia in plan choice, and a regression discontinuity design indicates initial defaults have persistent effects. In the absence of commitment to future prices, theory predicts firms respond to inertia by raising prices on existing enrollees, while introducing cheaper alternative...
