American Economic Journal: Economic Policy

最新文章

• Assessing the Welfare Effects of Unemployment Benefits Using the Regression Kink Design AI翻译
  作者：Landais, Camille
  作者单位：University of London; London School Economics & Political Science
  摘要：I show how, in the tradition of the dynamic labor supply literature, one can identify the moral hazard effects and liquidity effects of unemployment insurance (UI) using variations along the time profile of unemployment benefits. I use this strategy to investigate the anatomy of labor supply responses to UI. I identify the effect of benefit level and potential duration in the regression kink design using kinks in the schedule of benefits in the US. My results suggest that the response of searc...
• The Best of Times, the Worst of Times: Understanding Pro-cyclical Mortality AI翻译
  作者：Stevens, Ann H.; Miller, Douglas L.; Page, Marianne E.; Filipski, Mateusz
  作者单位：University of California System; University of California Davis
  摘要：It is well-known that mortality rates are pro-cyclical. In this paper, we attempt to understand why. We find little evidence that cyclical changes in individuals' own employment-related behavior drives the relationship; own-group employment rates are not systematically related to own-group mortality. Further, most additional deaths that occur when the economy is strong are among the elderly, particularly elderly women and those residing in nursing homes. We also demonstrate that staffing in nu...
• Complex Tax Incentives AI翻译
  作者：Abeler, Johannes; Jaeger, Simon
  作者单位：University of Oxford; IZA Institute Labor Economics; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut; Harvard University
  摘要：How does complexity affect people's reaction to tax changes? To answer this question, we conduct an experiment in which subjects work for a piece rate and face taxes. One treatment features a simple tax system, the other a complex one. Subjects' economic incentives are identical across treatments. We introduce the same sequence of additional taxes in both treatments. Subjects in the complex treatment underreact to new taxes; some ignore new taxes entirely. The underreaction is stronger for sub...
• Does Agriculture Generate Local Economic Spillovers? Short-Run and Long-Run Evidence from the Ogallala Aquifer AI翻译
  作者：Hornbeck, Richard; Keskin, Pinar
  作者单位：Harvard University; Wellesley College
  摘要：Agriculture may support the local nonagricultural economy in rural areas, though agricultural expansion may also crowd-out nonagricultural activity. On the United States Plains, areas over the Ogallala aquifer experienced windfall agricultural gains when post-WWII technologies increased farmers' access to groundwater. Comparing counties over the Ogallala with similar counties, nonagricultural sectors experienced only short-run relative benefits. Despite substantial and persistent agricultural ...
• Quasi-Experimental Evidence on the Connection between Property Taxes and Residential Capital Investment AI翻译
  作者：Lutz, Byron
  作者单位：Federal Reserve System - USA
  摘要：Do low property taxes attract new home construction? This question is answered using a large shock to property tax burdens caused by an unusual school finance reform in the state of New Hampshire. The estimates suggest that, in most of the state, communities with a reduced tax burden experience a substantial increase in residential construction. In the area of the state near the region's primary urban center (Boston), however, the shock clears through a price adjustment-i.e., by capitalizing i...
• Human Capital and the Lifetime Costs of Impatience AI翻译
  作者：Cadena, Brian C.; Keys, Benjamin J.
  作者单位：University of Colorado System; University of Colorado Boulder; University of Chicago
  摘要：In this paper, we examine the role of impatience in human capital formation-arguably the most important investment decision individuals make during their lifetimes. We focus on a set of investment behaviors that cannot be explained solely by variation in exponential discounting. Using data from the NLSY and a straightforward measure of impatience, we find that impatient people more frequently invest in dynamically inconsistent ways, such as dropping out of college with one year or less remaini...
• Return to Treatment in the Formal Health Care Sector: Evidence from Tanzania AI翻译
  作者：Adhvaryu, Achyuta; Nyshadham, Anant
  作者单位：University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; University of Southern California
  摘要：Improving access to the formal health care sector is a primary public health goal in many low-income countries. But the returns to this access are unclear, given that the quality of care at public health facilities is often considered inadequate. We exploit temporal and geographic variation in the cost of traveling to formal sector health facilities to show that treatment at these facilities improves short-term health outcomes for acutely ill children in Tanzania. Our results suggest that thes...
• The Long-Term Direct and External Effects of Jewish Expulsions in Nazi Germany AI翻译
  作者：Akbulut-Yuksel, Mevlude; Yuksel, Mutlu
  作者单位：Dalhousie University
  摘要：This paper examines the long-term direct and spillover effects of large-scale human capital loss caused by the persecution of Jewish professionals in Nazi Germany. Using region-by-cohort variation in the percentage of the Jewish population as a quasi-experiment, we find that German children who were at school-age during the persecutions have fewer years of schooling on average in adulthood. Moreover, these children are less likely to finish high school and go to college. These results are robu...
• Behind the GATE Experiment: Evidence on Effects of and Rationales for Subsidized Entrepreneurship Training AI翻译
  作者：Fairlie, Robert W.; Karlan, Dean; Zinman, Jonathan
  作者单位：University of California System; University of California Santa Cruz; Yale University; National Bureau of Economic Research; Dartmouth College
  摘要：Theories of market failures and targeting motivate the promotion of entrepreneurship training programs and generate testable predictions regarding heterogeneous treatment effects from such programs. Using a large randomized evaluation in the United States, we find no strong or lasting effects on those most likely to face credit or human capital constraints, or labor market discrimination. We do find a short-run effect on business ownership for those unemployed at baseline, but this dissipates ...
• Calculation of a Population Externality AI翻译
  作者：Bohn, Henning; Stuart, Charles
  作者单位：University of California System; University of California Santa Barbara
  摘要：It is known that when people generate externalities, a birth also generates an externality and efficiency requires a Pigou tax/subsidy on having children. The size of the externality from a birth is important for studying policy. We calculate the size of this population externality in a specific case: we consider a maintained hypothesis that greenhouse gas emissions are a serious problem and assume government reacts by optimally restricting emissions. Calculated population externalities are la...