American Economic Journal: Economic Policy

最新文章

• The Dynamics of Firm Lobbying AI翻译
  作者：Kerr, William R.; Lincoln, William F.; Mishra, Prachi
  作者单位：Harvard University; National Bureau of Economic Research; Johns Hopkins University; International Monetary Fund
  摘要：How is economic policy made? In this paper we study a key determinant of the answer to the question: lobbying by firms. Estimating a binary choice model of firm behavior, we find significant evidence for the idea that barriers to entry induce persistence in lobbying. The existence of these costs is further confirmed in studying how firms responded to a particular policy change: the expiration of legislation relating to the H-1B visa. Due to its influence on firm behavior, we argue that this pe...
• The Elasticity of Corporate Taxable Income: New Evidence from UK Tax Records AI翻译
  作者：Devereux, Michael P.; Liu, Li; Loretz, Simon
  作者单位：University of Oxford; University of Bayreuth
  摘要：We estimate the elasticity of corporate taxable income with respect to the statutory corporation tax rate using the population of UK corporation tax returns. We analyze bunching in the distribution of taxable income at kinks in the marginal rate schedule. We decompose this elasticity into an elasticity of total income with respect to the corporation tax rate, and an elasticity of the share of income taken as profit with respect to the difference between the personal and corporate tax rates. Th...
• Recessions, Older Workers, and Longevity: How Long Are Recessions Good for Your Health? AI翻译
  作者：Coile, Courtney C.; Levine, Phillip B.; McKnight, Robin
  作者单位：Wellesley College; National Bureau of Economic Research
  摘要：Although past research has found that recessions reduce contemporaneous mortality, workers nearing retirement age may experience reduced longevity attributable to lengthy unemployment spells and lost health insurance at a particularly vulnerable time. To test this hypothesis, we generate age-specific cohort survival probabilities using 1965-2008 Vital Statistics mortality data and link them to labor market conditions at earlier ages. Our results indicate that experiencing a recession in one's ...
• Friends in High Places AI翻译
  作者：Cohen, Lauren; Malloy, Christopher J.
  作者单位：Harvard University
  摘要：We demonstrate that personal connections amongst US politicians have a significant impact on Senate voting behavior. Networks based on alumni connections between politicians are consistent predictors of voting behavior. We estimate sharp measures that control for common characteristics of the network, as well as heterogeneous impacts of a common network characteristic across votes. We find that the effect of alumni networks is close to 60 percent as large as the effect of state-level considera...
• The Trade-Offs of Welfare Policies in Labor Markets with Informal Jobs: The Case of the Seguro Popular Program in Mexico AI翻译
  作者：Bosch, Mariano; Campos-Vazquez, Raymundo M.
  作者单位：Inter-American Development Bank; Colegio de Mexico
  摘要：In 2002, the Mexican government began an effort to improve health access to the 50 million uninsured in Mexico, a program known as Seguro Popular (SP). The SP offered virtually free health insurance to informal workers, altering the incentives to operate in the formal economy. We find that the SP program had a negative effect on the number of employers and employees formally registered in small and medium firms (up to 50 employees). Our results suggest that the positive gains of expanding heal...
• Cash for Coolers: Evaluating a Large-Scale Appliance Replacement Program in Mexico AI翻译
  作者：Davis, Lucas W.; Fuchs, Alan; Gertler, Paul
  作者单位：University of California System; University of California Berkeley; National Bureau of Economic Research; The World Bank
  摘要：This paper evaluates a large-scale appliance replacement program in Mexico that from 2009 to 2012 helped 1.9 million households replace their old refrigerators and air conditioners with energy-efficient models. Using household-level billing records from the universe of Mexican residential customers, we find that refrigerator replacement reduces electricity consumption by 8 percent, about one-quarter of what was predicted by ex ante analyses. Moreover, we find that air conditioning replacement ...
• The Dividend Clientele Hypothesis: Evidence from the 2003 Tax Act AI翻译
  作者：Kawano, Laura
  作者单位：United States Department of the Treasury
  摘要：This paper provides evidence that dividend and capital gains tax rates importantly influence household portfolio choices. Using data from the Surveys of Consumer Finances around the 2003 dividend tax reductions, I estimate the relationship between taxes and household portfolio dividend yields. I find that a one percentage point decrease in the dividend tax rate relative to the long-term capital gains tax rate causes household portfolio dividend yields to increase by 0.04 percentage points. The...
• Under Pressure: Job Security, Resource Allocation, and Productivity in Schools under No Child Left Behind AI翻译
  作者：Reback, Randall; Rockoff, Jonah; Schwartz, Heather L.
  作者单位：Columbia University; Columbia University; RAND Corporation
  摘要：We conduct the first nationwide study of incentives under the No Child Left Behind (NCLB) Act, which requires states to punish schools failing to meet target passing rates on students' standardized exams. States' idiosyncratic policies created variation in the risk of failure among very similar schools in different states, which we use to identify effects of accountability pressure. We find NCLB lowers teachers' perceptions of job security, shifts time towards specialist teachers in high-stake...
• Inside the Refrigerator: Immigration Enforcement and Chilling Effects in Medicaid Participation AI翻译
  作者：Watson, Tara
  作者单位：Williams College; National Bureau of Economic Research
  摘要：Chilling effects are a popular explanation for low program take-up rates among immigrants, but the effects of an icy policy climate are inherently hard to measure. This paper finds robust evidence that heightened federal immigration enforcement reduces Medicaid participation among children of noncitizens, even when children are themselves citizens. The decline in immigrant Medicaid participation around the time of welfare reform is largely explained by a contemporaneous spike in enforcement ac...
• Does Federal Student Aid Raise Tuition? New Evidence on For-Profit Colleges AI翻译
  作者：Cellini, Stephanie Riegg; Goldin, Claudia
  作者单位：George Washington University; National Bureau of Economic Research; Harvard University; National Bureau of Economic Research
  摘要：We provide the first comprehensive estimates of the size of the for-profit higher education sector and evaluate whether for-profits increase tuition in response to federal subsidies. By using state administrative data we include institutions that do not participate in federal student aid programs and are missed in official counts. Including these institutions doubles the number of for-profits and increases students by one-third compared with official counts. Aid-eligible institutions charge tu...