American Economic Journal: Economic Policy

最新文章

• Supply-Side Drug Policy in the Presence of Substitutes: Evidence from the Introduction of Abuse-Deterrent Opioids AI翻译
  作者：Alpert, Abby; Powell, David; Pacula, Rosalie Liccardo
  作者单位：University of Pennsylvania; RAND Corporation; RAND Corporation; Rand Health
  摘要：Overdose deaths from prescription opioid pain relievers nearly quadrupled between 1999 and 2010. We study the consequences of one of the largest supply disruptions to date to abusable opioids-the introduction of an abuse-deterrent version of OxyContin in 2010. Supply-side interventions that limit access to opioids may have the unintended consequence of increasing use of substitute drugs, including heroin. Exploiting cross-state variation in OxyContin exposure, we find that states with the high...
• Multimarket Contact in the Hospital Industry AI翻译
  作者：Schmitt, Matt
  作者单位：University of California System; University of California Los Angeles
  摘要：Hospitals in the United States increasingly belong to multihospital systems that operate in numerous geographic markets. A large literature in management and economics suggests that competition between firms may be softened as a result of multimarket contact-i.e., firms competing with one another in multiple markets simultaneously. Exploiting plausibly exogenous variation in multimarket contact generated by out-of-market consolidation, I find that increases in multimarket contact over the 2000...
• The Evolution of Physician Practice Styles: Evidence from Cardiologist Migration AI翻译
  作者：Molitor, David
  作者单位：University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign; National Bureau of Economic Research
  摘要：Physician treatment choices for observably similar patients vary dramatically across regions. This paper exploits cardiologist migration to disentangle the role of physician-specific factors such as preferences and learned behavior versus environment-level factors such as hospital capacity and productivity spillovers on physician behavior. Physicians starting in the same region and subsequently moving to dissimilar regions practice similarly before the move. After the move, physician behavior ...
• How Initial Conditions Can Have Permanent Effects: The Case of the Affordable Care Act AI翻译
  作者：Scheuer, Florian; Smetters, Kent
  作者单位：University of Zurich; University of Pennsylvania
  摘要：We document that states that experienced website glitches in the ACA's first year faced higher average costs that persisted into future years. These dynamics are inconsistent with the standard strategic-pricing model, which requires non-localized common knowledge about market conditions, but are consistent with price-taking. Initial conditions can have a permanent effect-including convergence to a Pareto-dominated, stable equilibrium-under conditions that we show are plausible in this setting....
• Can Online Off-the-Shelf Lessons Improve Student Outcomes? Evidence from a Field Experiment AI翻译
  作者：Jackson, Kirabo; Makarin, Alexey
  作者单位：Northwestern University; Northwestern University
  摘要：Many websites now warehouse instructional materials designed to be taught by teachers in a traditional classroom. What are the potential benefits of the new resources? We analyze an experiment in which we randomly give middle school math teachers access to existing high-quality, off-the-shelf lessons, and in some cases, support to promote their use. Teachers receiving access alone increased students' math achievement by a marginally significant 0.06 of a standard deviation. Teachers who receiv...
• Selection and Market Reallocation: Productivity Gains from Multinational Production AI翻译
  作者：Alfaro, Laura; Chen, Maggie X.
  作者单位：Harvard University; National Bureau of Economic Research; George Washington University
  摘要：Assessing productivity gains front multinational production has been a vital topic of economic research and policy debate. Positive productivity gains are often attributed to productivity spillovers; however, an alternative, much less emphasized channel is selection and market reallocation., whereby competition leads to factor and revenue reallocation within and between domestic firms and exits of the least productive firms. We investigate the roles of these different mechanisms in determining...
• Cheating and Incentives: Learning from a Policy Experiment AI翻译
  作者：Martinelli, Cesar; Parker, Susan W.; Perez-Gea, Ana Cristina; Rodrigo, Rodimiro
  作者单位：George Mason University; University System of Maryland; University of Maryland College Park; Centro de Investigacion y Docencia Economicas A.C. (CIDE); New York University; Georgetown University
  摘要：We use a database generated by a policy intervention that incentivized learning as measured by standardized exams to investigate empirically the relationship between cheating by students and cash incentives to students and teachers. We adapt methods from the education measurement literature to calculate the extent of cheating and show that cheating is more prevalent under treatments that provide monetary incentives to students (versus no incentives or incentives only to teachers). We provide e...
• The Welfare Impact of Second-Best Uniform-Pigouvian Taxation: Evidence from Transportation AI翻译
  作者：Knittel, Christopher R.; Sandler, Ryan
  作者单位：Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); National Bureau of Economic Research
  摘要：When consumers or firms don't face the true social cost of their actions, market outcomes are inefficient. In the case of negative externalities, Pigouvian taxes are one way to correct this market failure, but it may be infeasible to tax the externality directly. The alternative, taxing a related product, will be second-best. In this paper, we show that in the presence of heterogeneous externalities and elasticities, this type of indirect tax performs poorly. In our empirical application, gaso...
• The Role of Information in Disability Insurance Application: An Analysis of the Social Security Statement Phase-In AI翻译
  作者：Armour, Philip
  作者单位：RAND Corporation
  摘要：This paper exploits a natural experiment in information provision on US Disability Insurance (DI) applications: the Social Security statement. Although the effect of the statement on DI application was negligible in the general health and retirement study population, among those previously reporting a work limitation, biennial DI application rates approximately doubled. This effect was driven by previously uninformed individuals. Additional analyses show these were new applicants and were no l...
• The Effect of Export Promotion on Firm-Level Performance AI翻译
  作者：Munch, Jakob; Schaur, Georg
  作者单位：University of Copenhagen; University of Tennessee System; University of Tennessee Knoxville
  摘要：Most countries promote exports. This paper answers two questions: Does export promotion improve firm performance, and do any benefits outweigh costs? We solve self-selection problems by accounting for an extensive set of firm characteristics. In addition, we distinguish firms that - self-selected into promotion services from firms the Danish Trade Council approached based on observed information. We find that export promotion increases sales, value added, employment, and value added per worker...