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作者：Guceri, Irem; Liu, Li
作者单位：University of Oxford; International Monetary Fund
摘要：We exploit a 2008 UK policy reform that increased the tax incentives for R&D in medium-sized enterprises relative to large ones, to over-come the endogeneity of exposure to such tax credits. We estimate a difference-in-difference design on the universe of corporation tax filings in the United Kingdom., combined with. other datasets. We find a positive and significant impact of tax credits for R&D, implying a user-cost elasticity estimate of around 1.6. This magnitude implies around $1 in addit...
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作者：Andrews, Rodney J.; Stange, Kevin M.
作者单位：University of Texas System; University of Texas Dallas; University of Michigan System; University of Michigan
摘要：We assess the importance of price regulation and price discrimination to low-income students' access to opportunities in public higher education. In 2003, Texas shifted tuition-setting authority away from the state legislature to public universities themselves. In response, most institutions raised sticker prices and many began charging more for high-earning majors, such as business and engineering. We find that poor students actually shifted toward higher earning programs following deregulati...
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作者：Cornelissen, Thomas; Dustmann, Christian
作者单位：University of York - UK; University of London; University College London
摘要：We estimate the effects of receiving additional schooling before age five on cognitive and noncognitive outcomes, exploiting unique school entry rules in England that cause variation in the age at school entry and the effective length of the first school year, and combining survey data with administrative school records up to six years after exposure. We find significant effects on both cognitive and noncognitive outcomes at ages five and seven, particularly so for boys with a disadvantaged pa...
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作者：Freedman, Matthew; Owens, Emily; Bohn, Sarah
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Irvine; University of California System; University of California Irvine; University of California System; University of California Irvine
摘要：We take advantage of provisions Of the Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986 (IRCA), which granted legal resident status to long-time unauthorized residents but created new obstacles to employment for more recent immigrants, to explore how employment opportunities affect criminal behavior. Exploiting administrative data on the criminal justice involvement of individuals in San Antonio, Texas and using a triple-differences strategy, we find evidence of an increase in felony charges filed a...
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作者：Landais, Camille; Michaillat, Pascal; Saez, Emmanuel
作者单位：University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; Brown University; University of California System; University of California Berkeley
摘要：This paper develops a theory of optimal unemployment insurance (UI) in matching models. The optimal UI replacement rate is the conventional Baily-Chetty replacement rate, which solves the trade-off between insurance and job-search incentives, plus a correction term, which is positive when an increase in UI pushes the labor market tightness toward its efficient level. In matching models, most wage mechanisms do not ensure efficiency, so tightness is generally inefficient. The effect of UI on ti...
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作者：Manoli, Day; Turner, Nichoias
作者单位：University of Texas System; University of Texas Austin; Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve System Board of Governors
摘要：We estimate causal effects of cash-on-hand on college enrollment decisions of students from low-income families. Using population level, administrative data from US income tax returns, we exploit variation in tax refunds received in the spring of the high school senior year. The variation in tax refunds results from the kink point between the phase-in and maximum credit portions of the Earned Income Tax Credit schedule. The results suggest tax refunds received in the spring of the high school ...
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作者：Almunia, Miguel; Lopez-Rodriguez, David
作者单位：University of Warwick; Banco de Espana
摘要：This paper analyzes the effects of size-dependent tax enforcement on firms' tax compliance. We exploit quasi-experimental variation generated by a Large Taxpayers Unit (LTU) in Spain, which monitors firms with more than (sic)6 million in reported revenue. Firms strategically bunch below the eligibility threshold in order to avoid stricter tax enforcement. The response is stronger in sectors where transactions leave more paper trail, suggesting that monitoring effort and the traceability of inf...
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作者：Collinson, Robert; Ganong, Peter
作者单位：New York University
摘要：US housing voucher holders pay their landlord a fraction of household income and the government pays the rest, up to a rent ceiling. We study how two types of changes to the rent ceiling affect landlords and tenants. A policy that makes vouchers more generous across a metro area benefits landlords through. increased rents, with minimal impact on neighborhood and unit quality. A second policy that indexes rent ceilings to neighborhood rents leads voucher holders to move into higher quality neig...
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作者：Homonoff, Tatiana A.
作者单位：New York University
摘要：This paper examines a simple element of financial incentive-design whether the incentive takes the form of a fee for bad behavior or a reward for good behavior-to determine if the framing of the incentive influences the policy's effectiveness. I investigate the effect of two similar policies aimed at reducing disposable bag use: a $0.05 tax on disposable bag use and a $0.05 bonus for reusable bag use. While the tax decreased disposable bag use by over 40 percentage points, the bonus generated ...
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作者：Vanden Eynde, Oliver; Kuhn, Patrick M.; Moradi, Alexander
作者单位：Paris School of Economics; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Durham University; University of Sussex; University of Oxford; Stellenbosch University
摘要：How does ethnic politics affect the state's ability to provide policing services? Using a panel of administrative personnel data on the full careers of 6,784 police officers, we show how the rise of ethnic politics around Kenya's independence influenced policemen's behavior. We find a significant deterioration in discipline after Kenya's first multiparty election for those police officers of ethnic groups associated with the ruling party. These effects are driven by a behavioral change among t...
