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作者：Fell, Harrison; Kaffine, Daniel T.
作者单位：North Carolina State University; University of Colorado System; University of Colorado Boulder
摘要：Since 2007, US coal-fired electricity ation has declined by a stunning 25 percent. Detailed daily unit-level data is used to examine the joint impact of natural gas prices and wind generation on coal-fired generation and emissions, with a focus on the interaction between gas prices and wind. This interaction is found to he significant. Marginal responses of coal-fired generation to natural gas prices (wind) in 2013 were larger, sometimes much. larger, than the counterfactual with 2008 wind gen...
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作者：Carrera, Mariana; Goldman, Dana P.; Joyce, Geoffrey; Sood, Neeraj
作者单位：University System of Ohio; Case Western Reserve University; University of Southern California; University of Southern California; University of Southern California; University of Southern California; University of Southern California; University of Southern California; University of Southern California
摘要：We use individual level data on purchases of cholesterol-lowering drugs to study the responses of physicians and patients to variation in the cost of drugs. In a sample of first-time statin prescriptions to employees from 12 Fortune 500 firms, we find that co-pay variation across plans has a small effect on the choice of drug, and this effect does not vary with patient income. After the highly publicized patent expiration of Zocor, however, prescriptions for this drug increased substantially, ...
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作者：Ito, Koichiro; Ida, Takanori; Tanaka, Makoto
作者单位：University of Chicago; National Bureau of Economic Research; Kyoto University; National Graduate Institute for Policy Studies
摘要：Firms and governments often use moral suasion and economic incentives to influence intrinsic and extrinsic motivations for economic activities. To investigate persistence of such interventions, we randomly assign households to moral suasion and dynamic pricing that stimulate energy conservation during peak-demand hours. We find significant habituation and dishabituation for moral suasion-the treatment effect diminishes after repeated interventions but can be restored to the original level by a...
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作者：Luhrmann, Melanie; Serra-Garcia, Marta; Winter, Joachim
作者单位：University of London; Royal Holloway University London; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; University of California System; University of California San Diego; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut; University of Munich
摘要：We study the impact of financial education on intertemporal choice in adolescence. The educational program was randomly assigned among high school students, and choices were measured using an incentivized experiment. Students who participated in the program make more time-consistent choices; are more likely to allocate payments to a single payment date, as opposed to spreading payment across two dates; and display increased consistency of choice with the law of demand. These findings suggest t...
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作者：Aronsson, Thomas; Johansson-Stenman, Olof
作者单位：Umea University; University of Gothenburg
摘要：This paper compares optimal nonlinear income tax policies of welfarist and paternalist governments, where the latter does not respect individual preferences regarding relative consumption. Consistent with previous findings, relative consumption concerns typically induce a welfarist government to increase the marginal tax rates to internalize positional externalities. Remarkably, the optimal marginal tax rules are often very similar in the paternalist case, where such externalities are not take...
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作者：Ehrlich, Maximilian V.; Seidel, Tobias
作者单位：University of Bern; University of Duisburg Essen
摘要：Using a natural experiment, we show that temporary place-based subsidies generate persistent effects on economic density. The spatial regression discontinuity design controls for continuous local agglomeration externalities, so we attribute an important role to capital formation in explaining persistent spatial patterns of economic activity. This persistence is driven by higher local public investment levels, which local governments could maintain after the end of the program because of a pers...
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作者：Breinlich, Holger; Soderbery, Anson; Wright, Greg C.
作者单位：University of Surrey; University of Surrey; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; Purdue University System; Purdue University; University of California System; University of California Merced
摘要：In this paper, we focus on a new channel of adaptation to trade liberalization, namely the shift toward increased provision of services in lieu of goods production. We exploit variation in European Union trade policy to show that lower manufacturing tariffs lead firms to shift into services provision and out of goods production. We also find that a successful transition is associated with higher firm-level R&D stocks.
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作者：Lavetti, Kurt; Simon, Kosali
作者单位：University System of Ohio; Ohio State University; Indiana University System; Indiana University Bloomington; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：The design of Medicare Part D causes most beneficiaries to receive fragmented health insurance, with drug and medical coverage separated. Fragmentation is potentially inefficient since separate insurers optimize over only one component of healthcare spending, despite complementarities and substitutabilities between healthcare types. Fragmentation of only some plans can also lead to market distortions due to differential adverse selection, as integrated plans may use drug formularies to induce ...
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作者：Baskaran, Thushyanthan; Hessami, Zohal
作者单位：Universitat Siegen; University of Konstanz
摘要：Women remain underrepresented in politics and it remains unclear how this might change. In this paper, we investigate whether female council candidates receive more preferential votes when a female mayor has been recently elected into office. We hand collect data for 109,017 candidates in four open-list local council elections (2001-2016) in all 426 municipalities of a German state. Based on RDD estimations for close mixed-gender races, we show that female council candidates advance more from ...
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作者：Coen-Pirani, Daniele; Wooley, Michael
作者单位：Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE); University of Pittsburgh; Northwestern University
摘要：The Great Depresion produced a profound and lasting influence on the structure of US government. This paper studies theoretically and empirically the increased centralization of revenues and expenditures by the states relative to local governments during this period. A model of property and sales taxation and tax delinquency is introduced. In the model, the income decline of the Depression causes a rise in property tax delinquency and leads to a shift toward sales taxation and fiscal centraliz...
