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作者：Lu, Yi; Wang, Jin; Zhu, Lianming
作者单位：Tsinghua University; Tsinghua University; Hong Kong University of Science & Technology; University of Osaka
摘要：Combining rich firm and administrative data, this paper examines the incidence and effectiveness of a prominent place-based policy in China: special economic zones. Establishing zones is found to have had a positive effect on capital investment, employment, output, productivity, and wages, and to have increased the number of firms in the designated areas. Net entry plays a larger role in generating those effects than incumbents. The special zone program's net benefits over three years are esti...
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作者：Chodorow-Reich, Gabriel
作者单位：Harvard University
摘要：A geographic cross-sectional fiscal spending multiplier measures the effect of an increase in spending in one region of a monetary union. Empirical studies of such multipliers have proliferated. 1 review this research and what the evidence implies for national multipliers. Based on an updated analysis of the ARRA and a survey of empirical studies, my preferred point estimate for a cross-sectional multiplier is 1.8. The paper also discusses conditions under which the cross-sectional multiplier ...
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作者：Baker, Michael; Gruber, Jonathan; Milligan, Kevin
作者单位：University of Toronto; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); University of British Columbia; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：Past research documents the persistence of positive impacts of early life interventions on noncognitive skills. We test the symmetry of this finding by studying the persistence of a sizeable negative shock to noncognitive outcomes arising with the introduction of universal child care in Quebec. We find that the negative effects on noncognitive outcomes persisted to school ages, and also that cohorts with increased child care access had worse health, lower life satisfaction, and higher crime ra...
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作者：Marx, Benjamin M.; Turner, Lesley J.
作者单位：University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign; University System of Maryland; University of Maryland College Park; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：We provide the first experimental evidence on the effect of student loans on educational attainment. Loan amounts listed in financial aid award letters (offers) do not alter students' choice sets but significantly affect borrowing. Students randomly receiving a nonzero offer were 40 percent more likely to borrow than those who received a $0 offer. Per additional borrower, loans increased by $4,000, GPA and completed credits increased by 30 percent, and transfers to four-year public colleges in...
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作者：Cutler, David; Skinner, Jonathan S.; Stern, Ariel Dora; Wennberg, David
作者单位：Harvard University; National Bureau of Economic Research; Dartmouth College; Dartmouth College; Harvard University; Harvard University; Harvard University Medical Affiliates; Brigham & Women's Hospital; Harvard University; Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health
摘要：There is considerable controversy about the causes of regional variations in health care expenditures. Using vignettes from patient and physician surveys linked to fee-for-service Medicare expenditures, this study asks whether patient demand-side factors or physician supply-side factors explain these variations. The results indicate that patient demand is relatively unimportant in explaining variations. Physician organizational factors matter, but the most important factor is physician beliefs...
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作者：Daubanes, Julien; Rochet, Jean-Charles
作者单位：University of Geneva
摘要：Activist nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) increasingly oppose firms' practices. We suggest this might be related to the vulnerability of public regulation to corporate influence. We examine a potentially harmful industrial project subject to regulatory approval. Under industry influence, the regulator may approve the project even though it is harmful. However, an NGO may oppose it. We characterize the circumstances under which NGO opposition occurs and under which it is socially beneficial...
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作者：Johnson, Rucker C.; Jackson, C. Kirabo
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Berkeley; National Bureau of Economic Research; Northwestern University
摘要：We compare the adult outcomes of cohorts who were differentially exposed to policy-induced changes in Head Start and K-12 spending, depending on place and year of birth. IV and sibling-difference estimates indicate that, for poor children, these policies both increased educational attainment and earnings, and reduced poverty and incarceration. The benefits of Head Start were larger when followed by access to better-funded schools, and increases in K-12 spending were more efficacious when prece...
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作者：Chang, Tom; Zivin, Joshua S. Graff; Gross, Tal; Neidell, Matthew J.
作者单位：University of Southern California; University of California System; University of California San Diego; Columbia University; National Bureau of Economic Research
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作者：Carpenter, Christopher S.; Lawler, Emily C.
作者单位：Vanderbilt University; University System of Georgia; University of Georgia
摘要：We study the direct and spillover effects of state requirements that middle school youths obtain 61 tetanus, diphtheria, and pertussis (Tdap) booster prior to middle school entry. These mandates sigmficantly increased Tdap vaccine take-up and reduced pertussis (whooping cough) incidence by about 32 percent. We also document cross-vaccine spillovers: the mandates significantly increased adolescent vaccination rates for meningococcal disease and human papillomavirus (IIPV) which is responsible f...
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作者：Barseghyan, Levon; Clark, Damon; Coate, Stephen
作者单位：Cornell University; University of California System; University of California Irvine
摘要：This paper develops a new economic model of public school choice. The key innovation is to model competition between schools in an environment in which parents have peer preferences. The analysis yields three main findings. First, peer preferences dampen schools' incentives to exert effort in response to competitive pressure. Second, when peer preferences are sufficiently strong, choice can reduce social welfare. This is because choice is costly to exercise but aggregate peer quality is fixed....
