American Economic Journal: Economic Policy

最新文章

• The Effect of Public Pension Wealth on Saving and Expenditure AI翻译
  作者：Lachowska, Marta; Myck, Michal
  作者单位：W.E. Upjohn Institute for Employment Research
  摘要：This paper examines the degree of substitution between public pension wealth and private saving by studying Poland's 1999 pension reform. The analysis identifies the effect of pension wealth on private saving using cohort-by-time variation in pension wealth induced by the reform. The estimates, which are based on the 1997-2003 Polish Household Budget Surveys, show that 1 Polish zloty (PLN) less of pension wealth increases household saving by 0.3 PLN. Among highly educated households, pension w...
• Behavioral Responses to Wealth Taxes: Evidence from Sweden AI翻译
  作者：Seim, David
  作者单位：Stockholm University; Research Institute of Industrial Economics (IFN)
  摘要：This paper provides an empirical assessment of an annual wealth tax. Using Swedish administrative data, I estimate net-of-tax-rate elasticities of taxable wealth in the range [0.09, 0.27]. Cross-checking self-reported assets against asset data unavailable to the tax agency reveals that around a third of the elasticity estimates are due to underreporting of asset values. Difference-in-difference designs further suggest that the responses reflect evasion and avoidance rather than changes in savi...
• How Much Can Expanding Access to Long-Acting Reversible Contraceptives Reduce Teen Birth Rates? AI翻译
  作者：Lindo, Jason M.; Packham, Analisa
  作者单位：Texas A&M University System; Texas A&M University College Station; National Bureau of Economic Research; IZA Institute Labor Economics; University System of Ohio; Miami University
  摘要：We estimate the degree to which expanding access to long-acting reversible contraceptives (LARCs) can reduce teen birth rates by analyzing Colorado's Family Planning Initiative, the first large-scale policy intervention to expand access to LARCs in the United States. Using a difference-in-differences approach, we find that the $23M program reduced the teen birth rate in counties with clinics receiving funding by 6.4 percent over 5 years. These effects were concentrated in the second through fi...
• High Frequency Evidence on the Demand for Gasoline AI翻译
  作者：Levin, Laurence; Lewis, Matthew S.; Wolak, Frank A.
  作者单位：Clemson University; Stanford University; Stanford University
  摘要：Daily city-level expenditures and prices are used to estimate the price responsiveness of gasoline demand in the United States. Using a frequency of purchase model that explicitly acknowledges the distinction between gasoline demand and gasoline expenditures, the price elasticity of demand is consistently found to be an order of magnitude larger than estimates from recent studies using more aggregated data. Estimating demand using higher levels of spatial and temporal aggregation is shown to p...
• Financial Incentives, Hospital Care, and Health Outcomes: Evidence from Fair Pricing Laws AI翻译
  作者：Batty, Michael; Ippolito, Benedic
  作者单位：Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve System Board of Governors; American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research
  摘要：State laws that limit how much hospitals are paid by uninsured patients provide a unique opportunity to study how financial incentives of health care providers affect the care they deliver. We estimate the laws reduce payments from uninsured patients by 25-30percent. Even though the uninsured represent a small portion of their business, hospitals respond by decreasing the amount of care delivered to these patients, without measurable effects on a broad set of quality metrics. The results show ...
• When Discounts Raise Costs: The Effect of Copay Coupons on Generic Utilization AI翻译
  作者：Dafny, Leemore; Ody, Christopher; Schmitt, Matt
  作者单位：Harvard University; National Bureau of Economic Research; Northwestern University; University of California System; University of California Los Angeles
  摘要：Branded pharmaceutical manufacturers frequently offer copay coupons that insulate consumers from cost-sharing,thereby undermining insurers' ability to influence drug utilization. We study the impact of copay coupons on branded drugs first facing generic entry between 2007 and 2010. To overcome endogeneity concerns, we exploit cross-state and cross-consumer variation in coupon legality. We find that coupons increase branded sales by 60+ percent, entirely by reducing the sales of bioequivalent g...
• Gridlock: Ethnic Diversity in Government and the Provision of Public Goods AI翻译
  作者：Beach, Brian; Jones, Daniel B.
  作者单位：William & Mary; University of South Carolina System; University of South Carolina Columbia
  摘要：How does ethnic diversity in government impact public good provision? We construct a novel dataset linking the ethnicity of California city council candidates to election outcomes and expenditure decisions. Using a regression discontinuity approach, we find that increased diversity on the council leads to less spending on public goods. This is especially true in cities with high segregation and economic inequality. Those serving on councils that experience an increase in diversity also receive...
• The Role of Government Reimbursement in Drug Shortages AI翻译
  作者：Yurukoglu, Ali; Liebman, Eli; Ridley, David B.
  作者单位：Stanford University; National Bureau of Economic Research; Duke University; Duke University
  摘要：Beginning in the mid-2000s, the incidence of drug shortages rose, especially for generic injectable drugs such as anesthetics and chemotherapy treatments. We examine whether reimbursement changes contributed to the shortages, focusing on a reduction in Medicare Part B reimbursement to providers for drugs. We hypothesize that lower reimbursement put downward pressure on manufacturers' prices, which reduced manufacturers' incentives to invest in capacity, reliability, and new launches. We show t...
• When Labor Disputes Bring Cities to a Standstill: The Impact of Public Transit Strikes on Traffic, Accidents, Air Pollution, and Health AI翻译
  作者：Bauernschuster, Stefan; Hener, Timo; Rainer, Helmut
  作者单位：University of Passau; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut; University of Munich
  摘要：Many governments have banned strikes in public transportation. Whether this can be justified depends on whether strikes endanger public safety or health. We use time-series and cross-sectional variation in powerful registry data to quantify the effects of public transit strikes on urban populations in Germany. Due to higher traffic volumes and longer travel times, total car hours operated increase by 11 to 13 percent during strikes. This effect is accompanied by a 14 percent increase in vehicl...
• The Interest Rate Elasticity of Mortgage Demand: Evidence from Bunching at the Conforming Loan Limit AI翻译
  作者：DeFusco, Anthony A.; Paciorek, Andrew
  作者单位：Northwestern University; Federal Reserve System - USA
  摘要：This paper provides novel estimates of the interest rate elasticity of mortgage demand by measuring the degree of bunching in response to a discrete jump in interest rates at the conforming loan limit-the maximum loan size eligible for purchase by Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac. The estimates indicate that a 1 percentage point increase in the rate on a 30-year fixed-rate mortgage reduces first mortgage demand by between 2 and 3 percent. One-third of this response is driven by borrowers who take ou...