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作者：Abaluck, Jason; Adams-Prassl, Abi
作者单位：Yale University; University of Oxford
摘要：Consideration set models generalize discrete-choice models by relaxing the assumption that consumers consider all available options. Determining which options were considered has previously required either survey data or restrictions on how attributes affect consideration or utility. We provide an alternative route. In full-consideration models, choice probabilities satisfy a symmetry property analogous to Slutsky symmetry in continuous-choice models. This symmetry breaks down in consideration...
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作者：Guriev, Sergei; Melnikov, Nikita; Zhuravskaya, Ekaterina
作者单位：Institut d'Etudes Politiques Paris (Sciences Po); Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; Princeton University; Paris School of Economics
摘要：How does mobile broadband internet affect approval of government? Using Gallup World Poll surveys of 840,537 individuals from 2,232 subnational regions in 116 countries from 2008 to 2017 and the global expansion of 3G mobile networks, we show that on average, an increase in mobile broadband internet access reduces government approval. This effect is present only when the internet is not censored, and it is stronger when the traditional media are censored. 3G helps expose actual corruption in g...
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作者：Bertrand, Marianne; Bombardini, Matilde; Fisman, Raymond; Hackinen, Brad; Trebbi, Francesco
作者单位：University of Chicago; National Bureau of Economic Research; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; University of California System; University of California Berkeley; Boston University; Western University (University of Western Ontario)
摘要：Information is central to designing effective policy, and policy makers often rely on competing interests to separate useful from biased information. We show how this logic of virtuous competition can break down, using a new and comprehensive data set on U.S. federal regulatory rulemaking for 2003-2016. For-profit corporations and nonprofit entities are active in the rulemaking process and are arguably expected to provide independent viewpoints. Policy makers, however, may not be fully aware o...
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作者：Jager, Simon; Schoefer, Benjamin; Heining, Joerg
作者单位：Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); National Bureau of Economic Research; University of California System; University of California Berkeley
摘要：We estimate the wage effects of shared governance, or codetermination, in the form of a mandate of one-third of corporate board seats going to worker representatives. We study a reform in Germany that abruptly abolished this mandate for stock corporations incorporated after August 1994, while it locked the mandate for the slightly older cohorts. Our research design compares firm cohorts incorporated before the reform and after; in a robustness check we draw on the analogous difference in unaff...
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作者：Macchiavello, Rocco; Morjaria, Ameet
作者单位：University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; Northwestern University
摘要：How does competition affect market outcomes when formal contracts are not enforceable and parties resort to relational contracts? Difficulties with measuring relational contracts and dealing with the endogeneity of competition have frustrated attempts to answer this question. We make progress by studying relational contracts between upstream farmers and downstream mills in Rwanda's coffee industry. First, we identify salient dimensions of their relational contracts and measure them through an ...
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作者：Rose, Evan K.
作者单位：Microsoft
摘要：Most convicted offenders serve their sentences under community supervision at home instead of in prison. Under supervision, however, a technical rule violation, such as not paying fees, can result in incarceration. Rule violations account for 25% of prison admissions nationally and are significantly more common among black offenders. I test whether technical rules are effective tools for identifying likely reoffenders and deterring crime and examine their disparate racial impacts using adminis...
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作者：Bonomi, Giampaolo; Gennaioli, Nicola; Tabellini, Guido
作者单位：University of California System; University of California San Diego; Bocconi University; Bocconi University; Bocconi University
摘要：We present a theory of identity politics that builds on two ideas. First, when policy conflict renders a certain social divide-economic or cultural-salient, a voter identifies with her economic or cultural group. Second, the voter slants her beliefs toward the stereotype of the group she identifies with. We obtain three implications. First, voters' beliefs are polarized along the distinctive features of salient groups. Second, if the salience of cultural policies increases, cultural conflict r...
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作者：Cantoni, Enrico; Pons, Vincent
作者单位：University of Bologna; Harvard University; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：U.S. states increasingly require identification to vote-an ostensible attempt to deter fraud that prompts complaints of selective disenfranchisement. Using a difference-in-differences design on a panel data set with 1.6 billion observations, 2008-2018, we find that the laws have no negative effect on registration or turnout, overall or for any group defined by race, gender, age, or party affiliation. These results hold through a large number of specifications. Our most demanding specification ...
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作者：Abaluck, Jason; Bravo, Mauricio Caceres; Hull, Peter; Starc, Amanda
作者单位：Yale University; National Bureau of Economic Research; Brown University; Northwestern University
摘要：Competition in health insurance markets may fail to improve health outcomes if consumers are not able to identify high-quality plans. We develop and apply a novel instrumental variables framework to quantify the variation in causal mortality effects across plans and measure how much consumers attend to this variation. We first document large differences in the observed mortality rates of Medicare Advantage plans in local markets. We then show that when plans with high mortality rates exit thes...
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作者：Hanson, Samuel G.; Lucca, David O.; Wright, Jonathan H.
作者单位：Harvard University; Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - New York; Johns Hopkins University
摘要：Long-term nominal interest rates are surprisingly sensitive to high-frequency (daily or monthly) movements in short-term rates. Since 2000, this high-frequency sensitivity has grown even stronger in U.S. data. By contrast, the association between low-frequency changes (at 6- or 12-month horizons) in long- and short-term rates, which was also strong before 2000, has weakened substantially. This puzzling post-2000 pattern arises because increases in short rates temporarily raise the term premium...
