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作者：Passaro, Diego Gentile; Kojima, Fuhito; Pakzad-Hurson, Bobak
作者单位：University of Tokyo; Brown University
摘要：Equal pay laws increasingly require that workers with different group identities doing similar work are paid equal wages within firm. We study such equal pay for similar work (EPSW) policies theoretically and test our models' predictions empirically using evidence from a 2009 gender-based Chilean EPSW. Under EPSW, firms segregate their workforce by gender. When there are more men than women in a labor market, EPSW increases the gender wage gap. (JEL J16, J31, J38, K31, O15)
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作者：Brugues, Felipe
作者单位：Instituto Tecnologico Autonomo de Mexico
摘要：This paper studies the efficiency of self-enforced relational agreements, a common solution to contracting frictions, when sellers have market power and contracts cannot be externally enforced. To this end, I develop a dynamic contracting model with limited enforcement in which buyers can default on their trade credit debt and estimate it using a novel dataset from the Ecuadorian manufacturing supply chain. The key empirical finding is that bilateral trade is inefficiently low in early periods...
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作者：Flynn, Joel P.; Nikolakoudis, George; Sastry, Karthik A.
作者单位：Yale University; University of Chicago; Princeton University
摘要：Modern theories of aggregate supply are built on the foundation that firms set prices and commit to producing whatever the market demands. We remove this strategic restriction and allow firms to choose supply functions, mappings that describe the prices charged at each quantity of production. Theoretically, we characterize firms' optimal supply function choices in general equilibrium and study the resulting implications for aggregate supply. Aggregate supply flattens under lower inflation unce...
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作者：Di Tella, Rafael; Kotti, Randy; Le Pennec, Caroline; Pons, Vincent
作者单位：Harvard University; National Bureau of Economic Research; Institut Polytechnique de Paris; Ecole Polytechnique; ENSAE Paris; Universite de Montreal; HEC Montreal; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK
摘要：We study changes in political discourse during campaigns, using a novel dataset of candidate websites for US House elections, 2002-2016, and manifestos for French parliamentary and local elections, 1958-2022. We find that candidates move to the center in ideology and rhetorical complexity between the first round (or primary) and the second round (or general election). This convergence reflects candidates' strategic adjustment to their opponents, as predicted by Downsian competition: Using an R...
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作者：Dupas, Pascaline; Jayachandran, Seema; Lleras-Muney, Adriana; Rossi, Pauline
作者单位：Princeton University
摘要：We conducted a randomized trial among 14,545 households in rural Burkina Faso to test the oft-cited hypothesis that limited access to contraception is an important driver of high fertility rates in West Africa. We do not find support for this hypothesis. Women who were given free access to modern contraception for three years did not have lower birth rates; we can reject even modest effects. We cross-randomized additional interventions to address inefficiencies that might depress demand for fr...
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作者：Lachowska, Marta; Sorkin, Isaac; Woodbury, Stephen A.
作者单位：W.E. Upjohn Institute for Employment Research; Stanford University; National Bureau of Economic Research; Michigan State University
摘要：We quantify the employer's role in unemployment insurance (UI) take-up. Employer effects on claiming and appeals are substantial, and those effects are negatively correlated, consistent with appeals deterring claims. Low-wage workers are less likely to claim and more likely to have their claims appealed than median-wage workers. Employer effects help explain these income gradients, so equalizing employer effects on claiming would increase the progressivity of UI. Finally, the main source of ta...
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作者：Cooper, Ryan; Doyle, Joseph J.; Hojman, Andres
作者单位：University of Chicago; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); National Bureau of Economic Research; Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile
摘要：Children spend years in foster care, and bureaucratic hurdles can unnecessarily prolong their stays. The Mi Abogado program was introduced in Chile to enhance legal aid for foster children and accelerate family reunification. In a novel approach, the Chilean government randomized the introduction of the program for children living in institutions to evaluate effects on child well-being. Using registry data, we find the program significantly reduced the duration of foster care without increasin...
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作者：Aneja, Abhay; Luca, Michael; Reshef, Oren
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Berkeley; Johns Hopkins University; Washington University (WUSTL)
摘要：Is there latent demand to support Black-owned businesses? We explore this question by analyzing a new feature that made it easier to identify Black-owned restaurants on an online platform. We find that labeling restaurants as minority-owned increased customer engagement and firm performance, as measured by online traffic, calls, orders, and in-person visits. These effects were more pronounced in areas characterized by greater support for the Democratic Party and lower implicit bias against rac...
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作者：Ehrlich, Gabriel; Haltiwanger, John; Jarmin, Ron; Johnson, David; Olivares, Ed; Pardue, Luke; Shapiro, Matthew D.; Zhao, Laura Yi
作者单位：University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; University System of Maryland; University of Maryland Baltimore; National Bureau of Economic Research; United States Department of the Treasury; Bank of Canada
摘要：Item-level transactions data yield cost-of-living indices that can account for quality change and consumer substitution. Transactions data require confronting the rapid turnover of items because prices of new and existing products are interrelated in equilibrium. This paper evaluates multiple approaches to measuring quality change at scale. It shows that a hedonic superlative approach-using econometrics or machine learning for hedonic estimation combined with index formulas that require simult...
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作者：Carlana, Michela; La Ferrara, Eliana
作者单位：Harvard University; National Bureau of Economic Research; Center for Economic & Policy Research (CEPR); Harvard University; Center for Economic & Policy Research (CEPR); National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：We study the Tutoring Online Program (TOP), where tutoring is entirely online and tutors are volunteer university students matched with underprivileged middle school students. We leverage random assignment to estimate effects during and after the pandemic (2020 and 2022), investigating channels of impact. Three hours of individual tutoring per week increased math performance by 0.22 SD in 2020 and 0.20 SD in 2022. Higher dosage yielded stronger effects, while group tutoring smaller effects. TO...
