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作者：Seim, Katja; Waldfogel, Joel
作者单位：University of Pennsylvania; University of Minnesota System; University of Minnesota Twin Cities
摘要：We estimate a spatial model of liquor demand to analyze the impact of government-controlled retailing on entry patterns. In the absence of the Pennsylvania Liquor Control Board, the state would have roughly 2.5 times the current number of stores, higher consumer surplus, and lower payments to liquor store employees. With just over half the number of stores that would maximize welfare, the government system is instead best rationalized as profit maximization with profit sharing. Government oper...
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作者：Atkin, David
作者单位：Yale University
摘要：This paper explores the causes and consequences of regional taste differences. I introduce habit formation into a standard general equilibrium model. Household tastes evolve over time to favor foods consumed as a child. Thus, locally abundant foods are preferred in every region, as they were relatively inexpensive in prior generations. These patterns alter the correspondence between price changes and nutrition. For example, neglecting this relationship between tastes and agro-climatic endowmen...
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作者：Carvalho, Vasco; Gabaix, Xavier
作者单位：Pompeu Fabra University; Centre de Recerca en Economia Internacional (CREI); Barcelona School of Economics; New York University
摘要：We investigate the hypothesis that macroeconomic fluctuations are primitively the results of many microeconomic shocks. We define fundamental volatility as the volatility that would arise from an economy made entirely of idiosyncratic sectoral or firm-level shocks. Fundamental volatility accounts for the swings in macroeconomic volatility in the major world economies in the past half-century. It accounts for the great moderation and its undoing. The initial great moderation is due to a decreas...
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作者：Blanco, Luisa; Ruiz, Isabel
作者单位：Pepperdine University; RAND Corporation; University of Oxford
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作者：Clemens, Jeffrey
作者单位：University of California System; University of California San Diego
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作者：Ashraf, Quamrul; Galor, Oded
作者单位：Williams College; Brown University
摘要：This research advances and empirically establishes the hypothesis that, in the course of the prehistoric exodus of Homo sapiens out of Africa, variation in migratory distance to various settlements across the globe affected genetic diversity and has had a persistent hump-shaped effect on comparative economic development, reflecting the trade-off between the beneficial and the detrimental effects of diversity on productivity. While the low diversity of Native American populations and the high d...
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作者：Chen, Jiawei; Esteban, Susanna; Shum, Matthew
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Irvine; Autonomous University of Barcelona; Autonomous University of Barcelona; Barcelona School of Economics; California Institute of Technology
摘要：To investigate whether secondary markets aid or harm durable goods manufacturers, we build a dynamic model of durable goods oligopoly with transaction costs in the secondary market. Calibrating model parameters using data from the US automobile industry, we find the net effect of opening the secondary market is to decrease new car manufacturers' profits by 35 percent. Counterfactual scenarios in which the size of the used good stock decreases, such as when products become less durable, when th...
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作者：Cappelen, Alexander W.; Konow, James; Sorensen, Erik O.; Tungodden, Bertil
作者单位：Norwegian School of Economics (NHH); University of Kiel; Leibniz Association; Institut fur Weltwirtschaft an der Universitat Kiel (IFW); Loyola Marymount University
摘要：Choices involving risk significantly affect the distribution of income and wealth in society. This paper reports the results of the first experiment, to our knowledge, to study fairness views about risk-taking, specifically whether such views are based chiefly on ex ante opportunities or on ex post outcomes. We find that, even though many participants focus exclusively on ex ante opportunities, most favor some redistribution ex post. Many participants also make a distinction between ex post in...
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作者：Armour, Philip; Burkhauser, Richard V.; Larrimore, Jeff
作者单位：Cornell University; University of Melbourne
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作者：Busso, Matias; Gregory, Jesse; Kline, Patrick
作者单位：Inter-American Development Bank; University of Wisconsin System; University of Wisconsin Madison; University of California System; University of California Berkeley
摘要：This paper empirically assesses the incidence and efficiency of Round I of the federal urban Empowerment Zone (EZ) program using confidential microdata from the Decennial Census and the Longitudinal Business Database. Using rejected and future applicants to the EZ program as controls, we find that EZ designation substantially increased employment in zone neighborhoods and generated wage increases for local workers without corresponding increases in population or the local cost of living. The r...
