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• Unphosphorylated tyrosines mediate PD-1 inhibition of T cell signaling condensate formation AI翻译
  作者：Sharma, Monica; Katz, Zachary B.; Dewitt, David C.; Ruff, Kiersten M.; Singh, Akashdip; Lan, Huan; Phung, Wilson; Tom, Jeffery; Song, Aimin; Sudhamsu, Jawahar; Davies, John; Quinn, John G.; Pappu, Rohit V.; Shaw, Andrey S.
  作者单位：Washington University (WUSTL); Washington University (WUSTL)
  摘要：T cell receptor (TCR) engagement stimulates formation of a biomolecular condensate, including the scaffold protein linker of activated T cells (LAT). We investigated whether the immune-inhibitory receptor programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) inhibits by impeding TCR-induced LAT condensation. In vitro reconstitutions revealed that the cytoplasmic domain of PD-1 directly inhibited LAT condensation. This inhibitory interaction required tyrosine residues in the two inhibitory motifs of PD-1. Con...
• Helium escaping from the atmosphere of a nearby rocky exoplanet orbiting in a habitable zone AI翻译
  作者：Cherubim, Collin; Vissapragada, Shreyas; Cunningham, Tim; Meech, Annabella G.; Charbonneau, David; Wordsworth, Robin; Householder, Aaron; Teske, Johanna; Dos Santos, Leonardo A.; Wallack, Nicole L.; Misener, William; Lin, Zifan; McWilliam, Andrew; Zhang, Michael; Dittmann, Jason A.; Lopez-Morales, Mercedes
  作者单位：Harvard University; Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory; Smithsonian Institution; Harvard University; Harvard University; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Carnegie Institution for Science; Space Telescope Science Institute; Johns Hopkins University; Washington University (WUSTL); Washington University (WUSTL); University of Chicago; State University System of Florida; University of Florida
  摘要：Observations of highly irradiated gas giant exoplanets have shown helium escaping from their atmospheres. There is limited evidence for atmospheres on rocky exoplanets, perhaps because they have already escaped. We report near-infrared spectroscopic observations of LHS 1140b, a rocky exoplanet that orbits in the habitable zone of a nearby low-mass star. The transit spectra show absorption by helium escaping from the planet's atmosphere. Helium absorption is detected in 2024 but not in 2025, in...
• Deep-sea mining outpaces both science and law AI翻译
  作者：Olivera, Alejandro; Morales-Montes de Oca, Erick; Lazaro, Viridiana; Mendez-Martinez, Maria Fernanda; Reyes-Bonilla, Hector
  作者单位：Universidad Autonoma de Baja California
• De novo design of RNA pseudoknots with deep learning AI翻译
  作者：Townley, Jill; Kladwang, Wipapat; Baker, David; Blair, Hamish M.; Choe, Christian A.; El Nesr, Gina; Favor, Andrew; Fisker, Eli; Haack, Daniel B.; He, Shujun; Hingey, Jason; Huang, Po-Ssu; Huang, Rui; Joshi, Chaitanya K.; Karagianes, Thomas; Kubaney, Andrew; Lio, Pietro; Mancino, Adamo; Romano, Jonathan; Rudolfs, Boris; Spellmon, Nicholas; Toor, Navtej; Verma, Jigyasa; Wu, Vivian; Yu, Zhiheng; Participants, Eterna; Das, Rhiju
  作者单位：Stanford University; Stanford Medicine; Howard Hughes Medical Institute; University of Washington; University of Washington Seattle; Howard Hughes Medical Institute; Stanford University; Stanford University; Stanford University; University of California System; University of California San Diego; Texas A&M University System; Texas A&M University College Station; University of Cambridge; Howard Hughes Medical Institute
  摘要：RNA design has been hindered by the limited accuracy of three-dimensional (3D) structure prediction. In this study, we show that intricate RNA structures can be generated with current deep learning tools through accurate de novo design of pseudoknot secondary structures. In an Eterna competition involving 57 pseudoknots, generative artificial intelligence (AI) methods matched experienced human designers in solving most blind challenges, evaluated by single nucleotide-resolution chemical mappin...
• Tunnel field-effect transistors exhibiting performance beyond the Boltzmann thermionic limit AI翻译
  作者：Wu, Zehan; Yang, Ke; Meng, Wanqing; Wang, Weizhen; Zhao, Yifei; Yang, Fumei; Ding, Ran; Li, Hui; Peng, Yudong; Yang, Zongmeng; Ang, Yee Sin; Cai, Songhua; Yang, Ming; Wang, Jiannong; Li, Lain-Jong; Hao, Jianhua
  作者单位：Hong Kong Polytechnic University; National University of Singapore; Hong Kong University of Science & Technology; Peking University; Singapore University of Technology & Design
  摘要：The International Roadmap for Devices and Systems (IRDS) has identified the tunnel field-effect transistor (TFET) as the most promising next-generation logic device that enables sustainable downscaling in driving voltage and power consumption. Demonstrating an acceptable sub-Boltzmann-limit ON current (namely I60, the current level when a TFET switches to a subthreshold swing level of 60 millivolts per decade) and current-switching ratio has presented a formidable challenge. We report a TFET b...
• Tracing the origins of de novo coronary collateral formation in cardiac repair AI翻译
  作者：Zhang, Mingjun; Han, Maoying; Hou, Yangfeng; Liu, Zixin; Wang, Yilian; Huang, Xiuzhen; Ho, Cheng Kiu; Qu, Hang; Wang, Qing-Dong; Ma, Xin; Lui, Kathy O.; Zhou, Bin
  作者单位：Chinese Academy of Sciences; Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, CAS; Chinese University of Hong Kong; Prince of Wales Hospital Hong Kong; Jiangnan University; ShanghaiTech University
  摘要：Coronary collateral arteries have been proposed to form de novo through artery reassembly, a process in which arterial endothelial cells (ECs) migrate away from preexisting arteries and reassemble into new arteries. Using genetic tools that trace arterial ECs, we found that their contribution to collaterals is modest. Dual genetic lineage tracing revealed that capillary ECs, rather than arterial ECs, serve as the major building blocks for de novo collaterals. The capillary-to-collateral conver...
• Eco-evolutionary feedback reshapes competitive dynamics in an orchard fly system AI翻译
  作者：Leonard, Samuel J.; Huan, Mulin; Viswanathan, Neha; Kerker, Austin; Schmidt, Paul; Levine, Jonathan M.
  作者单位：Princeton University; University of Pennsylvania
  摘要：The feedback between competition and evolution is central to hypotheses about the origin and maintenance of species diversity. Yet, whether competition-induced evolution is sufficiently rapid, consistent, and strong to maintain diversity on ecological timescales remains unresolved. We conducted an outdoor mesocosm experiment with four pairs of orchard fly species in which we manipulated species' ability to evolve to one another during interspecific competition. We found significant competition...
• Chemically induced skin tumors arise from long-lived stem cells of the upper hair follicle AI翻译
  作者：Kandyba, Eve; Jabouille, Arnaud; Calvet, Ferriol; Li, Yun Rose; Curtabbi, Andrea; Cristea, Diana; Shin, Joyce; Delrosario, Reyno; Anzules, Jonathan; Wu, Di; Quigley, David; Taylor, Mark; Zanette, Camila; Lo, Fang Yin; Higgins, Jacob; Salk, Jesse; Lopez-Bigas, Nuria; Balmain, Allan
  作者单位：University of California System; University of California San Francisco; UCSF Medical Center; UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center; Barcelona Institute of Science & Technology; Institute for Research in Biomedicine - IRB Barcelona; City of Hope; Translational Genomics Research Institute; Instituto de Salud Carlos III; CIBER - Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red; CIBERONC; Pompeu Fabra University; ICREA
  摘要：The identification of the cancer cell of origin is a fundamental issue in cancer biology. We used fluorescent lineage tracing of independent mouse skin stem cell populations, single-cell transcriptomics, and duplex sequencing to identify the origin of chemically induced skin tumors. Tumors arose predominantly from Lgr6+ and/or Lrig1+ stem cells of the upper hair follicle but only very rarely from the Lgr5+ and Krt19+ hair follicle bulge. Lgr6+ stem cells initiated by dimethylbenzanthracene res...
• Spatiotemporally homogeneous crystallization for ambient scalable perovskite photovoltaics AI翻译
  作者：Gao, Binlou; Zhong, Yang; Luo, Xiao; He, Jiacheng; Guo, Junxi; Wang, Xueying; Liu, Yikun; Tan, Licheng; Chen, Yiwang
  作者单位：Nanchang University; Jiangxi Normal University; Gannan Normal University
  摘要：Commercializing perovskite solar cells (PSCs) will likely require the scalable deposition of homogeneous perovskite films under ambient conditions. However, the spatially heterogeneous degradation of metastable perovskites during prolonged coating leads to nonuniformity. Here, we demonstrate spatiotemporally homogeneous crystallization of alpha-phase FAPbI3 (where FA is formamidinium) enabled by a phase-locking strategy that establishes a dynamically evolving, moisture-buffering intergranular ...
• A sub-10-millisecond neural dynamical system based on phase-change memristors AI翻译
  作者：Cai, Lei; Tao, Yaoyu; Xie, Chenchen; Yan, Longhao; Li, Shiqian; Shen, Ruihong; Pan, Zelun; Wang, Xile; Wang, Bowen; Shi, Daijing; Zhu, Yihang; Zhang, Teng; Zhu, Yixin; Li, Xi; Song, Zhitang; Huang, Ru; Yang, Yuchao
  作者单位：Peking University; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Shanghai Institute of Microsystem & Information Technology, CAS; Peking University; Peking University; Peking University; Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School (PKU Shenzhen); Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing
  摘要：High-fidelity geometry for physical-world modeling demands real-time, dense, and differentiable deformation fields on manifolds. Neural dynamical systems (NDSs) using adaptive stepsize integration with embedded neural networks excel at these tasks but still suffer latency on the order of hundreds of milliseconds. In this work, we report a sub-10-millisecond NDS hardware leveraging the precisely controlled conductance drift of phase-change memristors and their multilevel compute-in-memory capab...