Science

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• Atomic explosion AI翻译
  作者：Cho, Adrian
• Tissue-integrated bionic knee restores versatile legged movement after amputation AI翻译
  作者：Shu, Tony; Levine, Daniel; Yeon, Seong Ho; Chun, Ethan; Shallal, Christopher C.; McCullough, John; Branemark, Rickard; Carty, Matthew J.; Ferrone, Marco; Boerhout, Sean; Ko, Alexander; Sullivan, Corey L.; Zhu, Gloria; Nawrot, Michael; Carney, Matthew; Wieschhoff, Ged; Friedman, Gabriel; Herr, Hugh
  作者单位：Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); University of Gothenburg; Harvard University; Harvard University Medical Affiliates; Brigham & Women's Hospital; Harvard University; Harvard University Medical Affiliates; Brigham & Women's Hospital; Harvard University; Harvard University Medical Affiliates; Brigham & Women's Hospital; Harvard University; Harvard University Medical Affiliates; Massachusetts General Hospital
  摘要：Lower-extremity prostheses have evolved through mechanical redesigns that prioritize improved cyclic locomotion. However, this limited approach to limb restoration has precluded necessary progress toward recovering the versatile acyclic movements that constitute the remainder of human athleticism. We present an osseointegrated mechanoneural prosthesis that incorporates modified hard and soft tissues along with permanently implanted hardware in a neuroembodied design. We developed a biomimetic ...
• Discrete spatiotemporal encoding of striatal dopamine transmission AI翻译
  作者：Yee, Andrew G.; Liao, Yini; Muntean, Brian S.; Ford, Christopher P.
  作者单位：University of Colorado System; University of Colorado Anschutz; University System of Georgia; Augusta University
  摘要：Dopamine (DA) transmission critically regulates diverse, basal ganglia-dependent behaviors by activating distinct subtypes of G protein-coupled receptors. Spatially broad DA release has been extensively characterized, but how DA transmission affects striatal function at a subcellular scale remains poorly understood. Using 2P imaging and whole-cell electrophysiology, we defined the spatiotemporal properties of DA transmission onto striatal indirect pathway spiny projection neurons. Sparse activ...
• The intracellular Ca2+ sensitivity of transmitter release in glutamatergic neocortical boutons AI翻译
  作者：Bornschein, Grit; Brachtendorf, Simone; Reinert, Anja; Eshra, Abdelmoneim; Kraft, Robert; Hirrlinger, Johannes; Eilers, Jens; Hallermann, Stefan; Schmidt, Hartmut
  作者单位：Leipzig University
  摘要：Synaptotagmin-1 (Syt1) and Syt2 are the main calcium (Ca2+) sensors triggering synchronous release in the brain. In this work, we studied the mechanisms mediating Syt1-triggered release from neocortical synapses. We measured the Ca2+ dependency of release in layer 5 pyramidal neuron synapses by laser photolysis of caged Ca2+. Release had high Ca2+ affinity and positive cooperativity. Measurements at cerebellar Purkinje cell synapses and kinetic models indicate substantial differences compared ...
• Bacterial reverse transcriptase synthesizes long poly(A)-rich cDNA for antiphage defense AI翻译
  作者：Song, Xin-Yi; Xia, Yushan; Zhang, Jun-Tao; Liu, Yu-Jun; Qi, Hua; Wei, Xin-Yang; Hu, Hailiang; Xia, Yu; Liu, Xue; Ma, Ying-Fei; Jia, Ning
  作者单位：Southern University of Science & Technology; Southern University of Science & Technology; Shenzhen University; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, CAS; Southern University of Science & Technology; Southern University of Science & Technology
  摘要：Prokaryotic defense-associated reverse transcriptases (DRTs) were recently identified with antiviral functions; however, their functional mechanisms remain largely unexplored. Here we show that DRT9 forms a hexameric complex with its upstream noncoding RNA (ncRNA) to mediate antiphage defense by inducing cell growth arrest through abortive infection. Upon phage infection, the phage-encoded ribonucleotide reductase NrdAB complex increases intracellular deoxyadenosine triphosphate levels, activa...
• Acid-humidified CO2 gas input for stable electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction AI翻译
  作者：Hao, Shaoyun; Elgazzar, Ahmad; Zhang, Shou-Kun; Wi, Tae-Ung; Chen, Feng-Yang; Feng, Yuge; Zhu, Peng; Wang, Haotian
  作者单位：Rice University; Rice University; Rice University; Rice University; Rice University
  摘要：(Bi)carbonate salt formation has been widely recognized as a primary factor in poor operational stability of the electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CO2RR). We demonstrate that flowing CO2 gas into an acid bubbler-which carries trace amounts of acid vapor into a gas diffusion electrode for silver-catalyzed CO2RR to carbon monoxide (CO)-can prevent salt accumulation. In a 100-square-centimeter, scaled-up CO2RR membrane electrode assembly electrolyzer with single serpentine flow c...
• National Academies on brink of dramatic downsizing AI翻译
  作者：Wadman, Meredith
• Super Agers: An Evidence-Based Approach to Longevity AI翻译
  作者：Topol, Eric J.
  作者单位：Scripps Research Institute
• Cultivating the side hustle AI翻译
  作者：Nonterah, Gertrude
• El Salvador revives metallic mining risks AI翻译
  作者：Arevalo-Ayala, Diego J.; Funes, Guillermo; Pablo-Cea, Jose D.
  作者单位：University of Barcelona; Universidad de El Salvador