Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

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• Activation of CGRP neurons in the parabrachial nucleus suppresses addictive behavior AI翻译
  作者：Pyeon, Gyeong Hee; Kim, Joung- Hun; Choi, June- Seek; Jo, Yong Sang; Shin, Hee- Sup
  作者单位：Korea University; Pohang University of Science & Technology (POSTECH)
  摘要：Punishment such as electric shock or physical discipline employs a mixture of physical pain and emotional distress to induce behavior modification. However, a neural circuit that produces behavior modification by selectively focusing the emotional component, while bypassing the pain typically induced by peripheral nociceptor activation, is not well studied. Here, we show that genetically silencing the activity of neurons expressing calcitonin gene - related peptide (CGRP) in the parabrachial n...
• Companion cell mediates wound- stimulated leaf- to- leaf electrical signaling AI翻译
  作者：Wu, Qian; Li, Yangyang; Chen, Mengjiao; Kong, Xiaohang
  作者单位：Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Agriculture Genomes Institute at Shenzhen, CAAS; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture; Henan University; Henan University; Nanjing Agricultural University
  摘要：Leaf wounding triggers rapid long- range electrical signaling that initiates systemic defense responses to protect the plants from further attack. In Arabidopsis, this process largely depends on clade three GLUTAMATE RECEPTOR- LIKE (GLR) genes GLR3.3 and GLR3.6. In the cellular context, phloem sieve elements and xylem contact cells where GLRs were mostly present are implicated in the signaling events. In spite of that, the spatial requirements of different leaf cell types for leaf- to- leaf si...
• Ionizing radiation exposure on Arrokoth shapes a sugar world AI翻译
  作者：Zhang, Chaojiang; Leyva, Vanessa; Wang, Jia; Turner, Andrew M.; Mcanally, Mason; Herath, Ashanie; Meinert, Cornelia; Young, Leslie A.; Kaiser, Ralf I.
  作者单位：University of Hawaii System; University of Hawaii Manoa; University of Hawaii System; University of Hawaii Manoa; Universite Cote d'Azur; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); CNRS - Institute of Chemistry (INC); Southwest Research Institute
  摘要：The Kuiper Belt object (KBO) Arrokoth, the farthest object in the Solar System ever visited by a spacecraft, possesses a distinctive reddish surface and is characterized by pronounced spectroscopic features associated with methanol. However, the fundamental processes by which methanol ices are converted into reddish, complex organic molecules on Arrokoth's surface have remained elusive. Here, we combine laboratory simulation experiments with a spectroscopic characterization of methanol ices ex...
• Long noncoding RNA LIRIL2R modulates FOXP3 levels and suppressive function of human CD4+regulatory T cells by regulating IL2RA AI翻译
  作者：Andrabi, Syed Bilal Ahmad; Kalim, Ubaid Ullah; Palani, Senthil; Khan, Mohd Moin; Khan, Meraj Hasan; Fagersund, Jimmy; Orpana, Julius; Paulin, Niklas; Batkulwar, Kedar; Junttila, Sini; Buchacher, Tanja; Gronroos, Toni; Toikka, Lea; Ammunet, Tea; Sen, Partho; Oresic, Matej; Kumpulainen, Venla; Tuomisto, Johanna E. E.; Sinha, Rahul; Marson, Alexander; Rasool, Omid; Elo, Laura L.; Lahesmaa, Riitta
  作者单位：University of Turku; Abo Akademi University; University of Turku; Orebro University; Stanford University; University of Turku
  摘要：Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are central in controlling immune responses, and dysregulation of their function can lead to autoimmune disorders or cancer. Despite extensive studies on Tregs, the basis of epigenetic regulation of human Treg development and function is incompletely understood. Long intergenic noncoding RNAs (lincRNA)s are important for shaping and maintaining the epigenetic landscape in different cell types. In this study, we identified a gene on the chromosome 6p25.3 locus, encodi...
• A wirelessly programmable, skin- integrated thermo- haptic stimulator system for virtual reality AI翻译
  作者：Kim, Jae-Hwan; Guardado, Abraham Vazquez -; Luan, Haiwen; Kim, Jin-Tae; Yang, Da Som; Zhang, Haohui; Chang, Jan-Kai; Yoo, Seonggwang; Park, Chanho; Wei, Yuanting; Christiansen, Zach; Kim, Seungyeob; Avila, Raudel; Kim, Jong Uk; Lee, Young Joong; Shin, Hee-Sup; Zhou, Mingyu; Jeon, Sung Woo; Baek, Janice Mihyun; Lee, Yujin; Kim, So Young; Lim, Jaeman; Park, Minsu; Jeong, Hyoyoung; Won, Sang Min; Chen, Renkun; Huang, Yonggang; Jung, Yei Hwan; Yoo, Jae-Young; Rogers, John A.
  作者单位：Northwestern University; University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign; North Carolina State University; University of California System; University of California San Diego; Pohang University of Science & Technology (POSTECH); Northwestern University; Korea Advanced Institute of Science & Technology (KAIST); Rice University; University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign; Hanyang University; Dankook University; University of California System; University of California Davis; Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU); Northwestern University; Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU); Northwestern University; Northwestern University; Northwestern University
  摘要：Sensations of heat and touch produced by receptors in the skin are of essential importance for perceptions of the physical environment, with a particularly powerful role in interpersonal interactions. Advances in technologies for replicating these sensations in a programmable manner have the potential not only to enhance virtual/augmented reality environments but they also hold promise in medical applications for individuals with amputations or impaired sensory function. Engineering challenges...
• Locus coeruleus integrity is related to an exploitation- based decision- making bias in older adulthood AI翻译
  作者：Turner, Gary R.; Hewan, Patrick; Wearn, Alfie; van Dooren, Roel; Wyatt, Lindsay; Leppert, Ilana R.; Baracchini, Giulia; Hughes, Colleen; Williams, Kayla M.; Sylvain, Elisabeth; Mercier, Jennifer Tremblay -; Poirier, Judes; Villeneuve, Sylvia; Tardif, Christine; Spreng, R. Nathan
  作者单位：York University - Canada; McGill University; Leiden University - Excl LUMC; Leiden University; Leiden University; Leiden University - Excl LUMC; McGill University; McGill University; McGill University; McGill University
  摘要：Optimal decision - making balances exploration for new information against exploitation of known rewards, a process mediated by the locus coeruleus and its norepinephrine projections. We predicted that an exploitation - bias that emerges in older adulthood would be associated with lower microstructural integrity of the locus coeruleus. Leveraging in vivo histological methods from quantitative MRI - magnetic transfer saturation-we provide evidence that older age is associated with lower locus c...
• Macrophage transplantation rescues RNASET2-deficient leukodystrophy by replacing deficient microglia in a zebrafish model AI翻译
  作者：Rutherford, Holly A.; Candeias, Diogo; Duncan, Christopher J. A.; Renshaw, Stephen A.; Hamilton, Noemie
  作者单位：University of Sheffield; University of Sheffield; University of York - UK; University of York - UK; Newcastle University - UK; Newcastle University - UK; Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
  摘要：RNASET2 - deficient leukodystrophy is a rare infantile white matter disorder mimicking a viral infection and resulting in severe psychomotor impairments. Despite its severity, there is little understanding of cellular mechanisms of pathogenesis and no treatments. Recent research using the rnaset2 mutant zebrafish model has suggested that microglia may be the drivers of the neuropathology, due to their failure to digest apoptotic debris during neurodevelopment. Therefore, we developed a strateg...
• Continuity of the Sangdanlin Paleocene section and rejection of a large Greater India in the Early Cretaceous AI翻译
  作者：Huang, Wentao; Garzanti, Eduardo; Moore, Theodore C.; Kapp, Paul; DeCelles, Peter G.; Niu, Shanshan
  作者单位：Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, CAS; University of Milano-Bicocca; University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; University of Arizona; North China Electric Power University
• An essential and highly selective protein import pathway encoded by nucleus- forming phage AI翻译
  作者：Morgan, Chase J.; Enustun, Eray; Armbruster, Emily G.; Birkholz, Erica A.; Prichard, Amy; Forman, Taylor; Aindow, Ann; Wannasrichan, Wichanan; Peters, Sela; Inlow, Koe; Shepherd, Isabelle L.; Razavilar, Alma; Chaikeeratisak, Vorrapon; Adler, Benjamin A.; Cress, Brady F.; Doudna, Jennifer A.; Pogliano, Kit; Villa, Elizabeth; Corbett, Kevin D.; Pogliano, Joe
  作者单位：University of California System; University of California San Diego; Chulalongkorn University; University of California System; University of California Berkeley; University of California System; University of California Berkeley; University of California System; University of California Berkeley; University of California System; University of California Berkeley; University of California System; University of California Berkeley; Howard Hughes Medical Institute; United States Department of Energy (DOE); Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; United States Department of Energy (DOE); Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; University of California System; University of California San Diego; Howard Hughes Medical Institute; University of California System; University of California San Diego
  摘要：Targeting proteins to specific subcellular destinations is essential in prokaryotes, eukaryotes, and the viruses that infect them. Chimalliviridae phages encapsulate their genomes in a nucleus - like replication compartment composed of the protein chimallin (ChmA) that excludes ribosomes and decouples transcription from translation. These phages selectively partition proteins between the phage nucleus and the bacterial cytoplasm. Currently, the genes and signals that govern selective protein i...
• Maximum entropy determination of mammalian proteome dynamics AI翻译
  作者：Dear, Alexander J.; Garcia, Gonzalo A.; Meisl, Georg; Collins, Galen A.; Knowles, Tuomas P. J.; Goldberg, Alfred L.
  作者单位：Harvard University; Harvard Medical School; University of Cambridge; Mississippi State University; University of Cambridge
  摘要：Full understanding of proteostasis and energy utilization in cells will require knowledge of the fraction of cell proteins being degraded with different half-lives and their rates of synthesis. We therefore developed a method to determine such information that combines mathematical analysis of protein degradation kinetics obtained in pulse-chase experiments with Bayesian data fitting using the maximum entropy principle. This approach will enable rapid analyses of whole-cell protein dynamics in...