Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

最新文章

• Breakthrough-induced loop formation in evolving transport networks AI翻译
  作者：Zukowski, Stanislaw; Cornelissen, Annemiek Johanna Maria; Osselin, Florian; Douady, Stephane; Szymczak, Piotr
  作者单位：University of Warsaw; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); CNRS - Institute for Engineering & Systems Sciences (INSIS); Universite Paris Cite; Universite Paris Cite; Bureau de Recherches Geologiques et Minieres (BRGM); Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Universite de Orleans; CNRS - National Institute for Earth Sciences & Astronomy (INSU); Bureau de Recherches Geologiques et Minieres (BRGM); Universite de Orleans; Universite de Orleans
  摘要：Transport networks, such as vasculature or river networks, provide key functions in organisms and the environment. They usually contain loops whose significance for the stability and robustness of the network is well documented. However, the dynamics of their formation is usually not considered. Such structures often grow in response to the gradient of an external field. During evolution, extending branches compete for the available flux of the field, which leads to effective repulsion between...
• Beneficial metabolic effects of PAHSAs depend on the gut microbiota in diet- induced obese mice but not in chow- fed mice AI翻译
  作者：Lee, Jennifer; Wellenstein, Kerry; Rahnavard, Ali; Nelson, Andrew T.; Holter, Marlena M.; Cummings, Bethany P.; Yeliseyev, Vladimir; Castoldi, Angela; Clish, Clary B.; Bry, Lynn; Siegel, Dionicio; Kahn, Barbara B.
  作者单位：Harvard University; Harvard University Medical Affiliates; Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center; Harvard University; Harvard Medical School; George Washington University; University of California System; University of California San Diego; Cornell University; University of California System; University of California Davis; University of California System; University of California Davis; Harvard University; Harvard University Medical Affiliates; Brigham & Women's Hospital; Harvard University; Harvard Medical School; Universidade Federal de Pernambuco; Harvard University; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Broad Institute; United States Department of Agriculture (USDA); Tufts University
  摘要：Dietary lipids play an essential role in regulating the function of the gut microbiota and gastrointestinal tract, and these luminal interactions contribute to mediating host metabolism. Palmitic Acid Hydroxy Stearic Acids (PAHSAs) are a family of lipids with antidiabetic and anti- inflammatory properties, but whether the gut microbiota contributes to their beneficial effects on host metabolism is unknown. Here, we report that treating chow- fed female and male germ- free (GF) mice with PAHSAs...
• Membrane association of active genes organizes the chloroplast nucleoid structure AI翻译
  作者：Palomar, V. Miguel; Cho, Yoonjin; Fujii, Sho; Jaksich, Sarah; Min, Ji-Hee; Schlachter, Adriana N.; Wang, Joyful; Liu, Zhengde; Wierzbicki, Andrzej T.
  作者单位：University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico; Kyoto University; Hirosaki University
  摘要：DNA is organized into chromatin- like structures that support the maintenance and regulation of genomes. A unique and poorly understood form of DNA organization exists in chloroplasts, which are organelles of endosymbiotic origin responsible for photosynthesis. Chloroplast genomes, together with associated proteins, form membrane- less structures known as nucleoids. The internal arrangement of the nucleoid, molecular mechanisms of DNA organization, and connections between nucleoid structure an...
• Multiplexed in situ hybridization reveals distinct lineage identities for major and minor vein initiation during maize leaf development AI翻译
  作者：Perico, Chiara; Zaidem, Maricris; Sedelnikova, Olga; Bhattacharya, Samik; Korfhage, Christian; Langdale, Jane A.
  作者单位：University of Oxford; Syngenta
  摘要：Leaves of flowering plants are characterized by diverse venation patterns. Patterning begins with the selection of vein- forming procambial initial cells from within the ground meristem of a developing leaf, a process which is considered to be auxin- dependent, and continues until veins are anatomically differentiated with functional xylem and phloem. At present, the mechanisms responsible for leaf venation patterning are primarily characterized in the model eudicot Arabidopsis thaliana which ...
• Indirect reciprocity can foster largescale cooperation AI翻译
  作者：Gross, Jorg; Meder, Zsombor Z.; Romano, Angelo; De Dreu, Carsten K. W.
  作者单位：University of Zurich; University of Groningen; Leiden University - Excl LUMC; Leiden University; University of Groningen; Leibniz Association; Deutsches Primatenzentrum (DPZ)
• Insights into stereoselective ring formation in canonical strigolactone: Identification of a dirigent domaincontaining enzyme catalyzing orobanchol synthesis AI翻译
  作者：Homma, Masato; Wakabayashi, Takatoshi; Moriwaki, Yoshitaka; Shiotani, Nanami; Shigeta, Takumi; Isobe, Kazuki; Okazawa, Atsushi; Ohta, Daisaku; Terada, Tohru; Shimizu, Kentaro; Mizutani, Masaharu; Takikawa, Hirosato; Sugimoto, Yukihiro
  作者单位：Kobe University; University of Tokyo; University of Tokyo; University of Tokyo; Osaka Metropolitan University; Osaka Metropolitan University; Institute of Science Tokyo; Tokyo Medical & Dental University (TMDU)
  摘要：Strigolactones (SLs) are plant apocarotenoids with diverse roles and structures. Canonical SLs, widespread and characterized by structural variations in their tricyclic lactone (ABC- ring), are classified into two types based on C- ring configurations. The steric C- ring configuration emerges during the BC- ring closure, downstream of the biosynthetic intermediate, carlactonoic acid (CLA). Most plants produce either type of canonical SLs stereoselectively, e.g., tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) y...
• Democratizing protein language models with parameter-efficient fine-tuning AI翻译
  作者：Sledzieski, Samuel; Kshirsagar, Meghana; Baek, Minkyung; Dodhia, Rahul; Ferres, Juan Lavista; Berger, Bonnie
  作者单位：Microsoft; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Seoul National University (SNU); Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
  摘要：Proteomics has been revolutionized by large protein language models (PLMs), which learn unsupervised representations from large corpora of sequences. These models are typically fine-tuned in a supervised setting to adapt the model to specific downstream tasks. However, the computational and memory footprint of fine-tuning (FT) large PLMs presents a barrier for many research groups with limited computational resources. Natural language processing has seen a similar explosion in the size models,...
• Promotional language and the adoption of innovative ideas in science AI翻译
  作者：Peng, Hao; Qiu, Huilian Sophie; Fosse, Henrik Barslund; Uzzi, Brian
  作者单位：Northwestern University
  摘要：How are the merits of innovative ideas communicated in science? Here, we conduct semantic analyses of grant application success with a focus on scientific promotional language, which may help to convey an innovative idea's originality and significance. Our analysis attempts to surmount the limitations of prior grant studies by examining the full text of tens of thousands of both funded and unfunded grants from three leading public and private funding agencies: the NIH, the NSF, and the Novo No...
• Intrinsic- strain- induced ferroelectric order and ultrafine nanodomains in SrTiO3 AI翻译
  作者：Zhang, Peixi; Li, Qiang; Li, Zhiguo; Shi, Xiaoming; Wang, Haoyu; Huo, Chuanrui; Zhou, Lihui; Kuang, Xiaojun; Lin, Kun; Cao, Yili; Deng, Jinxia; Yu, Chengyi; Chen, Xin; Miao, Jun; Xing, Xianran
  作者单位：University of Science & Technology Beijing; University of Science & Technology Beijing; University of Science & Technology Beijing; East China University of Science & Technology; East China University of Science & Technology; Guilin University of Technology
  摘要：Nano ferroelectrics holds the potential application promise in information storage, electro- mechanical transformation, and novel catalysts but encounters a huge challenge of size limitation and manufacture complexity on the creation of long- range ferroelectric ordering. Herein, as an incipient ferroelectric, nanosized SrTiO3 was indued with polarized ordering at room temperature from the nonpolar cubic structure, driven by the intrinsic three- dimensional (3D) tensile strain. The ferroelectr...
• The Global Biodiversity Framework can be leveraged to better manage transboundary watersheds AI翻译
  作者：Kuempel, Caitlin D.; Suarez-Castro, Andres Felipe
  作者单位：Griffith University; Griffith University; Griffith University