Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

最新文章

• Linking fine root lifespan to root chemical and morphological traits-A global analysis AI翻译
  作者：Hou, Jiawen; McCormack, M. Luke; Reich, Peter B.; Sun, Tao; Phillips, Richard P.; Lambers, Hans; Chen, Han Y. H.; Ding, Yiyang; Comas, Louise H.; Valverde-Barrantes, Oscar J.; Solly, Emily F.; Freschet, Gregoire T.
  作者单位：Chinese Academy of Sciences; Shenyang Institute of Applied Ecology, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS; University of Minnesota System; University of Minnesota Twin Cities; University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; Western Sydney University; Indiana University System; Indiana University Bloomington; University of Western Australia; Lakehead University; University of Helsinki; University of Helsinki; Colorado State University System; Colorado State University Fort Collins; United States Department of Agriculture (USDA); State University System of Florida; Florida International University; Helmholtz Association; Helmholtz Center for Environmental Research (UFZ); Universite de Toulouse; Universite Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
  摘要：Fine root lifespan is a critical trait associated with contrasting root strategies of resource acquisition and protection. Yet, its position within the multidimensional root economics space synthesizing global root economics strategies is largely uncertain, and it is rarely represented in frameworks integrating plant trait variations. Here, we compiled the most comprehensive dataset of absorptive median root lifespan (MRL) data including 98 observations from 79 woody species using (mini- )rhiz...
• Surface atom knockout for the active site exposure of alloy catalyst AI翻译
  作者：Ma, Yi; Yang, Qi; Qi, Jun; Zhang, Yong; Gao, Yuliang; Zeng, You; Jiang, Na; Sun, Ying; Qu, Keqi; Fang, Wenhui; Li, Ying; Lu, Xuejun; Zhi, Chunyi; Qiu, Jieshan
  作者单位：Beijing University of Chemical Technology; Liaoning University; City University of Hong Kong
  摘要：The fine regulation of catalysts by the atomic-level removal of inactive atoms can promote the active site exposure for performance enhancement, whereas suffering from the difficulty in controllably removing atoms using current micro/nano-scale material fabrication technologies. Here, we developed a surface atom knockout method to promote the active site exposure in an alloy catalyst. Taking Cu3Pd alloy as an example, it refers to assemble a battery using Cu3Pd and Zn as cathode and anode, the...
• A red- emitting carborhodamine for monitoring and measuring membrane potential AI翻译
  作者：Gest, Anneliese M. M.; Lazzari-Dean, Julia R.; Ortiz, Gloria; Yaeger-Weiss, Susanna K.; Boggess, Steven C.; Miller, Evan W.
  作者单位：University of California System; University of California Berkeley; University of California System; University of California Berkeley; University of California System; University of California Berkeley
  摘要：Biological membrane potentials, or voltages, are a central facet of cellular life. Optical methods to visualize cellular membrane voltages with fluorescent indicators are an attractive complement to traditional electrode - based approaches, since imaging methods can be high throughput, less invasive, and provide more spatial resolution than electrodes. Recently developed fluorescent indicators for voltage largely report changes in membrane voltage by monitoring voltage- dependent fluctuations ...
• Arctic amplification-induced decline in West and South Asia dust warrants stronger antidesertification toward carbon neutrality AI翻译
  作者：Wang, Fan; Yu, Yangyang; Patel, Piyushkumar N.; Gautam, Ritesh; Gao, Meng; Liu, Cheng; Ding, Yihui; Chen, Haishan; Yang, Yuanjian; Zhou, Yuyu; Carmichael, Gregory R.; McElroy, Michael B.
  作者单位：Hong Kong Baptist University; Harvard University; Texas A&M University System; Texas A&M University College Station; Environmental Defense Fund; California Institute of Technology; National Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA); NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL); United States Department of Energy (DOE); Oak Ridge National Laboratory; Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Science & Technology of China, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, CAS; Anhui Institute of Optics & Fine Mechanics (AIOFM), CAS; China Meteorological Administration; National Climate Centre, China Meteorological Administration; Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology; University of Hong Kong; University of Hong Kong; University of Iowa
  摘要：Dust loading in West and South Asia has been a major environmental issue due to its negative effects on air quality, food security, energy supply and public health, as well as on regional and global weather and climate. Yet a robust understanding of its recent changes and future projection remains unclear. On the basis of several high- quality remote sensing products, we detect a consistently decreasing trend of dust loading in West and South Asia over the last two decades. In contrast to prev...
• Phototransformation of achiral metasurfaces into handedness- selectable transient chiral media AI翻译
  作者：Kim, Andrew; Goswami, Anjan; Taghinejad, Mohammad; Cai, Wenshan
  作者单位：University System of Georgia; Georgia Institute of Technology; Stanford University; University System of Georgia; Georgia Institute of Technology
  摘要：Chirality is a geometric property describing the lack of mirror symmetry. This unique feature enables photonic spin- selectivity in light-matter interaction, which is of great significance in stereochemistry, drug development, quantum optics, and optical polarization control. The versatile control of optical geometry renders optical metamaterials as an effective platform for engineered chiral properties at prescribed spectral regimes. Unfortunately, geometry- imposed restrictions only allow on...
• Information decomposition in complex systems via machine learning AI翻译
  作者：Murphy, Kieran A.; Bassett, Dani S.
  作者单位：University of Pennsylvania; University of Pennsylvania; University of Pennsylvania; University of Pennsylvania; University of Pennsylvania; The Santa Fe Institute
  摘要：One of the fundamental steps toward understanding a complex system is identifying variation at the scale of the system's components that is most relevant to behavior on a macroscopic scale. Mutual information provides a natural means of linking between observables. However, characterizing the manner in which information is distributed across a set of observables is computationally challenging and generally infeasible beyond a handful of measurements. Here, we propose a practical and general me...
• Intergenerational protective anti- gut commensal immunoglobulin G originates in early life AI翻译
  作者：Rusconi, Brigida; Bard, Adina K.; Mcdonough, Ryan; Kindsvogel, Angel M.; Wang, Jacqueline D.; Udayan, Sreeram; Mcdonald, Keely G.; Newberry, Rodney D.; Tarr, Phillip I.
  作者单位：Washington University (WUSTL); Washington University (WUSTL); Washington University (WUSTL)
  摘要：Maternal immunoglobulins of the class G (IgGs) protect offspring from enteric infection, but when, where, and how these antibodies are physiologically generated and confer protection remains enigmatic. We found that circulating IgGs in adult mice preferentially bind early- life gut commensal bacteria over their own adult gut commensal bacteria. IgG- secreting plasma cells specific for early- life gut bacteria appear in the intestine soon after weaning, where they remain into adulthood. Manipul...
• Elimination of virus- like particles reduces protein aggregation and extends replicative lifespan in Saccharomyces cerevisiae AI翻译
  作者：Schneider, K. L.; Hao, X.; Keuenhof, K. S.; Berglund, L. L.; Fischbach, A.; Ahmadpour, D.; Chawla, S.; Gomez, P.; Hoog, J. L.; Widlund, P. O.; Nystrom, T.
  作者单位：Cochlear; Max Planck Society; Sahlgrenska University Hospital; Chalmers University of Technology; Pompeu Fabra University; University of Gothenburg; University of Gothenburg
  摘要：A major consequence of aging and stress, in yeast to humans, is an increased accumulation of protein aggregates at distinct sites within the cells. Using genetic screens, immunoelectron microscopy, and three- dimensional modeling in our efforts to elucidate the importance of aggregate annexation, we found that most aggregates in yeast accumulate near the surface of mitochondria. Further, we show that virus - like particles (VLPs), which are part of the retrotransposition cycle of Ty elements, ...
• RN7SL1 may be translated under oncogenic conditions AI翻译
  作者：Hara, Tomoaki; Meng, Sikun; Tsuji, Yoshiko; Arao, Yasuko; Saito, Yoshiko; Sato, Hiromichi; Motooka, Daisuke; Uchida, Shizuka; Ishii, Hideshi
  作者单位：University of Osaka; University of Osaka; University of Osaka; Aalborg University
  摘要：RN7SL1 (RNA component of signal recognition particle 7SL1), a component of the signal recognition particle, is a non- coding RNA possessing a small ORF (smORF). However, whether it is translated into peptides is unknown. Here, we generated the RN7SL1-Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) gene, in which the smORF of RN7SL1 was replaced by GFP, introduced it into 293T cells, and observed cells emitting GFP fluorescence. Furthermore, RNA-seq of GFP- positive cells revealed that they were in an oncogeni...
• The training process of many deep networks explores the same low-dimensional manifold AI翻译
  作者：Mao, Jialin; Griniasty, Itay; Teoh, Han Kheng; Ramesh, Rahul; Yang, Rubing; Transtrum, Mark K.; Sethna, James P.; Chaudhari, Pratik
  作者单位：University of Pennsylvania; Cornell University; University of Pennsylvania; Brigham Young University; University of Pennsylvania
  摘要：We develop information-geometric techniques to analyze the trajectories of the predictions of deep networks during training. By examining the underlying highdimensional probabilistic models, we reveal that the training process explores an effectively low-dimensional manifold. Networks with a wide range of architectures, sizes, trained using different optimization methods, regularization techniques, data augmentation techniques, and weight initializations lie on the same manifold in the predict...