Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

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• A bacterial effector manipulates host lysosomal protease activity-dependent plasticity in cell death modalities to facilitate infection AI翻译
  作者：Lu, Zhe; Zhang, Yong; Zhong, Yanzhao; Qiang, Lihua; Ge, Pupu; Lei, Zehui; Zhao, Mengyuan; Fang, Yingxu; Li, Bingxi; Wang, Jing; Chai, Qiyao; Liu, Cui Hua
  作者单位：Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Microbiology, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS
  摘要：Crosstalk between cell death programs confers appropriate host anti- infection immune responses, but how pathogens co- opt host molecular switches of cell death pathways to reprogram cell death modalities for facilitating infection remains largely unexplored. Here, we identify mammalian cell entry 3C (Mce3C) as a pathogenic cell death regulator secreted by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), which causes tuberculosis featured with lung inflammation and necrosis. Mce3C binds host cathepsin B (CTS...
• Resilience of the electric grid through trustable IoT-coordinated assets AI翻译
  作者：Nair, Vineet J.; Srivastava, Priyank; Venkataramanan, Venkatesh; Sarker, Partha S.; Srivastava, Anurag; Marinovici, Laurentiu D.; Zha, Jun; Irwin, Christopher; Mittal, Prateek; Williams, John; Kumar, Jayant; Poor, H. Vincent; Annaswamy, Anuradha M.
  作者单位：Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Indian Institute of Technology System (IIT System); Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) - Delhi; United States Department of Energy (DOE); National Renewable Energy Laboratory - USA; West Virginia University; United States Department of Energy (DOE); Pacific Northwest National Laboratory; Princeton University; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
  摘要：The electricity grid has evolved from a physical system to a cyberphysical system with digital devices that perform measurement, control, communication, computation, and actuation. The increased penetration of distributed energy resources (DERs) including renewable generation, flexible loads, and storage provides extraordinary opportunities for improvements in efficiency and sustainability. However, they can introduce new vulnerabilities in the form of cyberattacks, which can cause significant...
• Photopic flicker optoretinography captures the light- driven length modulation of photoreceptors during phototransduction AI翻译
  作者：Tomczewski, Slawomir; Curatolo, Andrea; Foik, Andrzej; Wegrzyn, Piotr; Balamut, Bartlomiej; Wielgo, Maciej; Kulesza, Wiktor; Galinska, Anna; Kordecka, Katarzyna; Gulati, Sahil; Fernandes, Humberto; Palczewski, Krzysztof; Wojtkowski, Maciej
  作者单位：Polish Academy of Sciences; Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Polish Academy of Sciences; Polytechnic University of Milan; University of Warsaw; University of California System; University of California Irvine; University of California System; University of California Irvine; University of California System; University of California Irvine; University of California System; University of California Irvine
  摘要：In this study, we used an inhibitor of phosphodiesterase 6 (PDE6) to examine the impact of changes in the conformation of the PDE6 protein on the light- induced process responsible for altering the length of the outer segments of photoreceptor cells in both human and rodent eyes. We employed a imaging method called spatiotemporal optical coherence tomography, which ensures high contrast and phase stability within the strongly we recorded nanometer- scale changes in human cones and rods in resp...
• Top-performing girls are more impactful peer role models than boys, teachers say AI翻译
  作者：Goulas, Sofoklis; Megalokonomou, Rigissa; Sotirakopoulos, Panagiotis
  作者单位：Brookings Institution; Monash University; Curtin University
  摘要：We examine teachers' perceptions toward top-performing students and their role model influence on others in an online survey-based experiment. We randomly expose teachers to profiles of top-performing students and inquire whether they consider the profiled top performers to be influential role models. These profiles varied by gender and field of study (STEM or Non-STEM). Our findings show that teachers perceive top-performing girls as more influential peer role models compared to top- performi...
• HflX- mediated drug resistance through ribosome splitting and rRNA disordering in mycobacteria AI翻译
  作者：Majumdar, Soneya; Kashyap, Amuliya; Koripella, Ravi K.; Sharma, Manjuli R.; Hess, Kelley Hurst -; Manjari, Swati R.; Banavali, Nilesh K.; Ghosh, Pallavi; Agrawal, Rajendra K.
  作者单位：State University of New York (SUNY) System; Wadsworth Center; State University of New York (SUNY) System; Wadsworth Center; State University of New York (SUNY) System; University at Albany, SUNY; Emory University
  摘要：HflX is a highly conserved ribosome- associated GTPase implicated in rescuing stalled ribosomes and mediating antibiotic resistance in several bacteria, including macrolide- lincosamide antibiotic resistance in mycobacteria. Mycobacterial HflXs carry a distinct N- terminal extension (NTE) and a small insertion, as compared to their eubacterial homologs. Here, we present several high- resolution cryo-EM structures of mycobacterial HflX in complex with the 70S ribosome and its 50S subunit, with ...
• A planar- sheet nongraphitic zero- bandgap sp2 carbon phase made by the low- temperature reaction of γ- graphyne AI翻译
  作者：Aliev, Ali E.; Guo, Yongzhe; Fonseca, Alexandre F.; Razal, Joselito M.; Wang, Zhong; Galvao, Douglas S.; Bolding, Claire M.; Chapman-Wilson, Nathaniel E.; Desyatkin, Victor G.; Leisen, Johannes E.; Ribeiro Jr, Luiz A.; Kanegae, Guilherme B.; Lynch, Peter; Zhang, Jizhen; Judicpa, Mia A.; Parra, Aaron M.; Zhang, Mengmeng; Gao, Enlai; Hu, Lifang; Rodionov, Valentin O.; Baughman, Ray H.
  作者单位：University of Texas System; University of Texas Dallas; Wuhan University; Universidade Estadual de Campinas; Deakin University; University System of Ohio; Case Western Reserve University; University System of Georgia; Georgia Institute of Technology; Universidade de Brasilia; Universidade de Brasilia; Commonwealth Scientific & Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO); University of Texas System; University of Texas Dallas
  摘要：The highest sheet symmetry form of graphyne, with one triple bond between each neighboring hexagon in graphene, irreversibly transforms exothermically at ambient pressure and low temperatures into a nongraphitic, planar- sheet, zero- bandgap phase consisting of intrasheet- bonded sp2 carbons. The synthesis of this sp2 carbon phase is demonstrated, and other carbon phases are described for possible future synthesis from graphyne without breaking graphyne bonds. While measurements and theory ind...
• Circadian clock cryptochrome proteins regulate autoimmunity (vol 114, pg 12548, 2017) AI翻译
  作者：Cao, Qi; Zhao, Xuan; Bai, Jingwen; Gery, Sigal; Sun, Haibo; Lin, De-Chen; Chen, Qi; Chen, Zhengshan; Mack, Lauren; Yang, Henry; Deng, Ruishu; Shi, Xianping; Chong, Ling-Wa; Cho, Han; Xie, Jianjun; Li, Quan-Zhen; Muschen, Markus; Atkins, Annette R.; Liddle, Christopher; Yu, Ruth T.; Alkan, Serhan; Said, Jonathan W.; Zheng, Ye; Downes, Michael; Evans, Ronald M.; Koeffler, H. Philip
• Slower swimming promotes chemotactic encounters between bacteria and small phytoplankton AI翻译
  作者：Foffi, Riccardo; Brumley, Douglas R.; Peaudecerf, Francois J.; Stocker, Roman; Slomka, Jonasz
  作者单位：Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain; ETH Zurich; University of Melbourne; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Universite de Rennes
  摘要：Chemotaxis enables marine bacteria to increase encounters with phytoplankton cells by reducing their search times, provided that bacteria detect noisy chemical gradients around phytoplankton. Gradient detection depends on bacterial phenotypes and phytoplankton size: large phytoplankton produce spatially extended but shallow gradients, whereas small phytoplankton produce steeper but spatially more confined gradients. To date, it has remained unclear how phytoplankton size and bacterial swimming...
• Human and primate categorical understanding of color AI翻译
  作者：Lindsey, Delwin T.; Brown, Angela M.
  作者单位：University System of Ohio; Ohio State University; University System of Ohio; Ohio State University
• Mars Sample Return: From collection to curation of samples from a habitable world AI翻译
  作者：Mccubbin, Francis M.; Farley, Kenneth A.; Harrington, Andrea D.; Hutzler, Aurore; Smith, Caroline L.
  作者单位：National Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA); NASA Johnson Space Center; National Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA); NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL); California Institute of Technology; California Institute of Technology; European Space Agency; European Space Research & Technology Centre; Natural History Museum London; University of Glasgow
  摘要：NASA's Mars 2020 mission has initiated collection of samples from Mars' Jezero Crater, which has a wide range of ancient rocks and rock types from lavas to lacustrine sedimentary rocks. The Mars Sample Return (MSR) Campaign, ajoint effort between NASA and ESA, aims to bring the Perseverance collection back to Earth for intense scientific investigation. As the first return of samples from a habitable world, there are important challenges to overcome for the successful implementation of the MSR ...